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arxiv: 2606.17760 · v1 · pith:OSP2OEI3new · submitted 2026-06-16 · ⚛️ nucl-ex · hep-ex

Measurement of isolated photon plus two-jet correlations in Pb+Pb and pp collisions at 5.02 TeV with ATLAS

ATLAS Collaboration This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 22:14 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ nucl-ex hep-ex
keywords jet quenchingphoton-jet correlationsheavy-ion collisionsPb+Pbenergy lossquark-gluon plasmaI_AA ratio
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0 comments X

The pith

Photon plus two-jet events show significant yield suppression in Pb+Pb versus pp collisions at 5.02 TeV.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper measures events in which an isolated photon is balanced by two jets, using data from pp and Pb+Pb collisions at the same energy. Three observables track the overall energy loss of the system, the relative loss between the two jets, and changes to their angular separation. After subtracting background with a multijet mixing method and correcting for detector effects, the ratio of yields in Pb+Pb to pp collisions falls below one in every observable and every centrality class. This pattern is interpreted as the effect of parton energy loss inside the nuclear medium, and the data are compared to three jet-quenching models.

Core claim

Significant suppression of per-photon two-jet yields is observed in all three observables, with I_AA less than one, as a direct result of parton-medium interactions.

What carries the argument

The ratio I_AA of background-subtracted per-photon yields for the observables x_JJγ, A_JJγ and ΔR_JJ between Pb+Pb and pp collisions.

If this is right

  • Suppression in x_JJγ indicates net energy loss of the entire multiparton system.
  • A_JJγ isolates the difference in energy loss experienced by the two jets.
  • ΔR_JJ reveals any medium-driven change in the angular separation of the jets.
  • Comparison to JEWEL, JETSCAPE and LBT tests distinct implementations of parton energy loss.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The background-subtraction method could be reused for other multi-jet or photon-tagged correlations.
  • Model-data agreement or disagreement may help separate radiative from collisional loss mechanisms.
  • Higher-statistics runs could map the dependence of suppression on photon transverse momentum.

Load-bearing premise

The multijet mixing technique removes uncorrelated background without biasing the distributions of x_JJγ, A_JJγ and ΔR_JJ.

What would settle it

Measurement of I_AA values consistent with one in all centrality intervals and for all three observables would falsify the suppression claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.17760 by ATLAS Collaboration.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Relative systematic uncertainties shown as percentages on 𝐼AA, the ratio of the (a) xJJ𝛾, (b) AJJ𝛾, and (c) Δ𝑅JJ distribution between central Pb+Pb and pp events. The total systematic uncertainty is represented by the black histogram with filled black circles. Correlations in systematic uncertainties between the Pb+Pb and pp yields are accounted for in evaluating the ratio. data-taking conditions in √ 𝑠NN … view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Unfolded data distributions in pp collisions (a) xJJ𝛾, (b) AJJ𝛾, and (c) Δ𝑅JJ. MC generator predictions by the Pythia-8, Jewel pp, and MadGraph generators are shown. The vertical lines and filled boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The lower panels show the ratio of the distributions from the MC / pp data. The grey band on the ratio plot represents the quadrature sum… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Unfolded xJJ𝛾 distributions in pp and Pb+Pb collisions for the three centrality intervals in panels (a) 30–80%, (b) 10–30%, and (c) 0–10%. The lower panels show 𝐼AA, the ratio of distributions in Pb+Pb / pp collisions. The vertical lines and filled boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The vertical lines and filled boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncerta… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Unfolded AJJ𝛾 distributions in pp and Pb+Pb collisions for the three centrality intervals in panels (a) 30–80%, (b) 10–30%, and (c) 0–10%. The lower panels show 𝐼AA, the ratio of distributions in Pb+Pb / pp collisions. The vertical lines and filled boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. For all three observables in all centrality ranges, there is a significant overall s… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Unfolded Δ𝑅JJ distributions in pp and Pb+Pb collisions for the three centrality intervals in panels (a) 30–80%, (b) 10–30%, and (c) 0–10%. The lower panels show 𝐼AA, the ratio of distributions in Pb+Pb / pp collisions. The vertical lines and filled boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. collisions, as expected, since the QGP created is smaller in volume and of lower tem… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Unfolded distribution in pp and 0–10% Pb+Pb collisions for (a) xJJ𝛾, (b) AJJ𝛾, and (c) Δ𝑅JJ. The lower panels show 𝐼AA, the ratio of per-photon yield in Pb+Pb / pp collisions. The vertical lines and filled boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. Also shown are theoretical calculations from Jewel, Jetscape, and Lbt in Pb+Pb collisions and for the 𝐼AA (lower panels). 0 500… view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Monte Carlo generator Jewel pp results illustrating the kinematic correlations between the observables in the absence of quenching effects. Panel (a) shows the xJJ𝛾 as a function of 𝑝T,𝛾. Panel (b) shows AJJ𝛾 as a function of xJJ𝛾. Panel (c) shows Δ𝑅JJ as a function of xJJ𝛾. The distributions are generated with 90 < 𝑝T,𝛾 < 120 GeV and 𝑝T,Jet > 30 GeV, with all other kinematic selections identical to those … view at source ↗
read the original abstract

This paper presents a measurement of photon plus two-jet events in $pp$ and Pb+Pb collisions, i.e. events in which the transverse momentum of a single photon is balanced by two distinct jets. The measurement was performed using $pp$ data taken in 2017 with an integrated luminosity 260 pb$^{-1}$, and Pb+Pb data taken in 2018 with an integrated luminosity 1.72 nb$^{-1}$, both at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ =5.02 TeV, as recorded by the ATLAS detector. Events with photons in the transverse momentum range 90-180 GeV and at least two anti-$k_t$ $R = 0.2$ jets with a $p_\mathrm{T}$ > 30 GeV are selected, and three observables are measured: ${\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{JJ}\gamma}$, $\mathrm{A}_{\mathrm{JJ}\gamma}$, and $\Delta R_{\mathrm{JJ}}$. These observables characterise the overall energy loss of the multiparton system from medium interactions (${\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{JJ}\gamma}$), the relative energy loss between the two colour-charge carriers ($\mathrm{A}_{\mathrm{JJ}\gamma}$), and medium-induced modifications to their opening angle ($\Delta R_{\mathrm{JJ}}$). The observables are corrected for uncorrelated combinatoric background contributions using a novel multijet mixing technique, for photon purity, and for detector resolution effects via iterative unfolding. Final results are presented per photon, and the ratio ($I_\mathrm{AA}$) is taken between measurements in Pb+Pb and $pp$ collisions, for Pb+Pb centrality intervals of 30-80%, 10-30%, and 0-10%. Significant suppression of per photon two-jet yields in all three observables, $I_\mathrm{AA} < 1$, is observed as a result of parton-medium interactions. The experimental measurements are compared to three different jet quenching models: JEWEL, JETSCAPE, and LBT.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper measures isolated photon + two-jet correlations in pp (260 pb^{-1}) and Pb+Pb (1.72 nb^{-1}) collisions at √s_NN=5.02 TeV with ATLAS. Events are selected with photons 90<p_T<180 GeV and ≥2 anti-k_t R=0.2 jets p_T>30 GeV. Three observables (x_JJγ, A_JJγ, ΔR_JJ) are defined to probe overall energy loss, relative loss between jets, and angular modifications. After subtracting uncorrelated background with a novel multijet mixing technique, correcting for photon purity, and unfolding detector effects, the ratio I_AA (Pb+Pb/pp) is reported in three centrality classes; significant suppression (I_AA<1) is observed and compared to JEWEL, JETSCAPE, and LBT jet-quenching models.

Significance. If the background subtraction is unbiased, the measurement supplies new multiparton observables that constrain the relative energy loss and angular broadening of color-charged partons traversing the QGP, extending single-jet and photon-jet studies with direct model comparisons.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract and corrections section] Abstract and § on corrections: the novel multijet mixing technique is load-bearing for the I_AA<1 claim. The manuscript must demonstrate, via explicit closure tests in MC and data-driven variations of mixing parameters, that the procedure leaves the shapes of x_JJγ, A_JJγ, and ΔR_JJ undistorted; residual flow or UE correlations could otherwise mimic suppression.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Methods] Clarify the exact definition and binning of the three observables in the methods section; the abstract description is insufficient for reproducibility.
  2. [Results] Add a table or figure showing the centrality dependence of the raw yields before and after mixing to allow direct assessment of the background subtraction magnitude.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading and the constructive comment on the validation of the background subtraction procedure. We address the point below and will incorporate additional material in the revised manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and corrections section] Abstract and § on corrections: the novel multijet mixing technique is load-bearing for the I_AA<1 claim. The manuscript must demonstrate, via explicit closure tests in MC and data-driven variations of mixing parameters, that the procedure leaves the shapes of x_JJγ, A_JJγ, and ΔR_JJ undistorted; residual flow or UE correlations could otherwise mimic suppression.

    Authors: We agree that explicit validation of the multijet mixing technique is necessary to support the robustness of the reported I_AA suppression. The current manuscript describes the technique and its application but does not contain the specific closure tests requested. In the revised version we will add a dedicated subsection (or appendix) presenting (i) closure tests in Monte Carlo samples where the true signal shapes are known a priori and (ii) data-driven variations of the mixing parameters (different event-mixing criteria, centrality windows, and photon isolation requirements). These tests will quantify any residual distortion to the shapes of x_JJγ, A_JJγ, and ΔR_JJ. The abstract will be updated to reference the validation if space allows. This addition directly addresses the concern that residual flow or underlying-event correlations could mimic the observed suppression. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: pure experimental measurement with observables defined directly from data

full rationale

This is an experimental measurement paper reporting yields and ratios (I_AA) of photon+two-jet observables in Pb+Pb vs pp collisions. The observables x_JJγ, A_JJγ, and ΔR_JJ are defined from reconstructed photon and jet kinematics; the multijet mixing technique, purity correction, and unfolding are data-driven corrections applied to the measured distributions. No derivation chain exists that reduces a claimed prediction or first-principles result to fitted parameters or self-citations by construction. The comparison to external models (JEWEL, JETSCAPE, LBT) is post-measurement and does not feed back into the reported results. The paper is self-contained against external benchmarks with no load-bearing self-referential steps.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

Experimental measurement paper; central claim rests on standard assumptions of QCD, detector response modeling, and the validity of the background subtraction method. No free parameters are fitted to produce the reported suppression. No new entities postulated.

axioms (2)
  • standard math Standard model of particle physics and perturbative QCD govern high-energy collisions and jet production
    Implicit foundation for interpreting photon-jet events and medium interactions.
  • domain assumption The ATLAS detector simulation accurately models photon and jet reconstruction efficiencies and resolutions in both pp and Pb+Pb environments
    Required for purity corrections and iterative unfolding described in the abstract.

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discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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