pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.24639 · v1 · pith:A3OGNN5Hnew · submitted 2026-06-23 · ⚛️ physics.optics

Inverse designed photonic crystal waveguides for pulsed operation: dispersion, losses, and controlled light-matter interactions

Dominic Thompson , Stephen Hughes , Nir Rotenberg This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-25 22:31 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.optics
keywords photonic crystal waveguidesinverse designslow lightdispersionPurcell enhancementphase shiftersbandwidthoptical losses
0
0 comments X

The pith

Inverse design with an efficient mode solver reduces photonic crystal waveguide design time by over 100 times while increasing bandwidth by up to 10 times and decreasing loss by up to 4 times.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes that inverse design combined with a fast mode solver and physics-based formulas can produce photonic crystal waveguides far more efficiently than prior methods. This cuts computational design time by more than 100 times. The resulting waveguides support low-loss slow light over a much wider frequency range while holding group velocity steady. The approach is demonstrated on broadband Purcell enhancement that tolerates emitter position and on compact phase shifters for communications. A reader would care because these gains make slow-light devices more practical without requiring massive computing resources or sacrificing performance.

Core claim

By combining inverse design with an efficient mode solver and physics based formulas, we reduce the computational time of PCW designs by more than 100 times, allowing for the realization of PCWs with up to an order of magnitude increase in bandwidth and up to 4 times decrease in loss. We then explore the trade-offs between bandwidth, disorder-induced loss, group index, and dispersion. As examples, we apply this approach to two active and practical areas of research for PCWs design: broadband, position-tolerant Purcell enhancement, and compact phase shifters for optical communications.

What carries the argument

Inverse design optimization that uses an efficient mode solver and physics-based formulas to control dispersion, losses, and light-matter interactions in photonic crystal waveguides.

Load-bearing premise

The physics-based formulas and efficient mode solver accurately predict performance of the final fabricated devices without full 3D simulations or experimental checks.

What would settle it

Fabricate one of the optimized PCW designs and directly measure its transmission bandwidth, group-velocity dispersion, and propagation loss to test whether they reach the predicted tenfold bandwidth gain and fourfold loss reduction.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.24639 by Dominic Thompson, Nir Rotenberg, Stephen Hughes.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Inverse design of large-bandwidth, slow-light PCWs. (a) Calculated pulse profile of Gaussian pulses with different [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Geometric structure of PCW slab. (a) View of a [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. Large-scale optimization of slow-light PCWs. (a) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Metrics of optimized slow-light PCWs. The (a) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Inverse design for QD-based quantum photonics. (a) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. Inverse design for optical communications. (a) The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_6.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) are a powerful platform for optical technologies because they can spatially confine light on sub-wavelength scales and manipulate the group velocity of propagation modes, both of which enhance light-matter interactions. Many applications in photonics require a large bandwidth of low-loss and constant-velocity slow light, a significant challenge for previous dispersion and Bloch mode engineering techniques. By combining inverse design with an efficient mode solver and physics based formulas, we reduce the computational time of PCW designs by more than 100 times, allowing for the realization of PCWs with up to an order of magnitude increase in bandwidth and up to 4 times decrease in loss. We then explore the trade-offs between bandwidth, disorder-induce loss, group index, and dispersion. As examples, we apply this approach to two active and practical areas of research for PCWs design: broadband, position-tolerant Purcell enhancement, and compact phase shifters for optical communications. Our results significantly improve state-of-the-art PCW designs and provide a general method to optimize PCWs integrated technologies.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents an inverse-design framework for photonic crystal waveguides that integrates an efficient mode solver with physics-based formulas for dispersion and disorder-induced loss. It claims this reduces design computation time by more than 100× relative to prior methods, enabling PCWs with up to 10× larger bandwidth and 4× lower loss while exploring trade-offs among bandwidth, loss, group index, and dispersion. The approach is demonstrated on two applications: broadband position-tolerant Purcell enhancement and compact phase shifters for optical communications.

Significance. If the reduced-fidelity models remain quantitatively accurate for the heavily optimized geometries, the work would supply a practical route to high-performance PCW designs, substantially improving slow-light bandwidth and loss metrics that have limited prior dispersion-engineering approaches. The reported computational speedup and the concrete application examples would be of direct interest to the photonics community.

major comments (2)
  1. [Results] Abstract and Results section: The central quantitative claims—an order-of-magnitude bandwidth increase and 4× loss reduction—are obtained exclusively from the efficient mode solver plus physics-based formulas. No side-by-side comparison of any final optimized design against full 3D FDTD is reported, even though disorder-induced loss formulas are known to be sensitive to out-of-plane radiation and precise field overlap with fabrication imperfections that are typically under-resolved in 2D or approximate models.
  2. [Methods] Methods section: The physics-based loss formulas are used inside the inverse-design loop without an explicit validation study showing that their accuracy is preserved once the geometry is allowed to vary freely under optimization; this assumption is load-bearing for the claimed performance gains.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Figures] Figure captions: several panels lack explicit labels for the wavelength range or the precise definition of the plotted loss metric (e.g., whether it includes only in-plane or also out-of-plane contributions).
  2. [Notation] Notation: the symbol for group index is used interchangeably with normalized group velocity in the trade-off plots without a clarifying sentence in the text.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive feedback. The comments correctly identify the need for explicit validation of the reduced-fidelity models on the optimized geometries. We address each major comment below and will incorporate the requested comparisons and validation study into the revised manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Results] Abstract and Results section: The central quantitative claims—an order-of-magnitude bandwidth increase and 4× loss reduction—are obtained exclusively from the efficient mode solver plus physics-based formulas. No side-by-side comparison of any final optimized design against full 3D FDTD is reported, even though disorder-induced loss formulas are known to be sensitive to out-of-plane radiation and precise field overlap with fabrication imperfections that are typically under-resolved in 2D or approximate models.

    Authors: We agree that the absence of direct 3D FDTD comparisons for the final optimized designs limits the strength of the quantitative claims. The disorder-induced loss formulas can indeed be affected by out-of-plane radiation and field overlap details not fully captured in 2D models. In the revised manuscript we will add a new subsection in Results that reports full 3D FDTD simulations for at least two representative optimized waveguides (one broadband and one low-loss design). These simulations will be compared side-by-side with the mode-solver plus formula predictions for bandwidth, group index, and loss, with explicit discussion of any discrepancies attributable to out-of-plane effects. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Methods] Methods section: The physics-based loss formulas are used inside the inverse-design loop without an explicit validation study showing that their accuracy is preserved once the geometry is allowed to vary freely under optimization; this assumption is load-bearing for the claimed performance gains.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the load-bearing assumption requires an explicit validation study once geometries are allowed to vary freely. Although the formulas are derived from established perturbation theory and have been tested on conventional PCWs, their behavior under inverse design has not been checked in the current manuscript. In the revised Methods section we will add a dedicated validation subsection that applies the loss formulas to a set of ten inverse-designed waveguides spanning the explored parameter space and compares the predictions against 3D FDTD disorder simulations. This will quantify the accuracy retained after optimization and will be referenced in the Results when presenting the performance gains. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: claims rest on modeling assumptions, not self-referential derivations

full rationale

The paper presents an inverse-design workflow that combines an efficient mode solver with physics-based formulas for dispersion and loss to achieve reported speedups and performance gains in PCW designs. No equations, fitting procedures, or self-citations are described that would make any 'prediction' or result equivalent to its inputs by construction. The central claims concern computational efficiency and design improvements; these depend on the external validity of the reduced-fidelity tools rather than any definitional loop or renamed fit. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

No details on free parameters, axioms, or invented entities available from abstract-only review.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5715 in / 999 out tokens · 18690 ms · 2026-06-25T22:31:27.451477+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

66 extracted references · 3 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Ohtaka, Energy band of photons and low-energy pho- ton diffraction, Physical Review B19, 5057–5067 (1979)

    K. Ohtaka, Energy band of photons and low-energy pho- ton diffraction, Physical Review B19, 5057–5067 (1979)

    1979

  2. [2]

    Yablonovitch, Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid- state physics and electronics, Physical Review Letters58, 2059–2062 (1987)

    E. Yablonovitch, Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid- state physics and electronics, Physical Review Letters58, 2059–2062 (1987)

    2059

  3. [3]

    John, Strong localization of photons in certain dis- ordered dielectric superlattices, Physical Review Letters 58, 2486–2489 (1987)

    S. John, Strong localization of photons in certain dis- ordered dielectric superlattices, Physical Review Letters 58, 2486–2489 (1987)

    1987

  4. [4]

    Notomi, K

    M. Notomi, K. Yamada, A. Shinya, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokohama, Extremely large group- velocity dispersion of line-defect waveguides in photonic crystal slabs, Physical Review Letters87, 253902 (2001)

    2001

  5. [5]

    T. F. Krauss, Slow light in photonic crystal waveguides, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics40, 2666–2670 (2007)

    2007

  6. [6]

    Baba, Slow light in photonic crystals, Nature Photon- ics2, 465–473 (2008)

    T. Baba, Slow light in photonic crystals, Nature Photon- ics2, 465–473 (2008)

    2008

  7. [7]

    T. F. Krauss, Why do we need slow light?, Nature Pho- tonics2, 448–450 (2008)

    2008

  8. [8]

    Solja ˇCi´C and J

    M. Solja ˇCi´C and J. D. Joannopoulos, Enhancement of nonlinear effects using photonic crystals, Nature Materi- als3, 211–219 (2004)

    2004

  9. [9]

    W.-C. Lai, S. Chakravarty, X. Wang, C. Lin, and R. T. Chen, On-chip methane sensing by near-ir absorption sig- natures in a photonic crystal slot waveguide, Optics Let- ters36, 984 (2011)

    2011

  10. [10]

    (8) Meng, H.; Gao, Y.; Wang, X.; Li, X.; Wang, L.; Zhao, X.; Sun, B

    K. Zheng, Z. Peng, H. Liao, Y. Huang, H. Bao, S. Zhao, Y. Zhang, C. Zheng, Y. Wang, and W. Jin, Dual slow- light enhanced photothermal gas spectroscopy on a sil- icon chip, Nature Communications16, 10.1038/s41467- 025-65583-5 (2025)

    work page doi:10.1038/s41467- 2025

  11. [11]

    Hughes, Enhanced single-photon emission from quan- tum dots in photonic crystal waveguides and nanocavi- ties, Optics Letters29, 2659 (2004)

    S. Hughes, Enhanced single-photon emission from quan- tum dots in photonic crystal waveguides and nanocavi- ties, Optics Letters29, 2659 (2004)

    2004

  12. [12]

    V. S. C. Manga Rao and S. Hughes, Single quantum-dot Purcell factor andβfactor in a photonic crystal waveg- uide, Physical Review B75, 205437 (2007)

    2007

  13. [13]

    V. S. C. M. Rao and S. Hughes, Single quantum dot spon- taneous emission in a finite-size photonic crystal waveg- uide: Proposal for an efficient “on chip” single photon gun, Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 193901 (2007)

    2007

  14. [14]

    Lodahl, S

    P. Lodahl, S. Mahmoodian, and S. Stobbe, Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures, Rev. Mod. Phys.87, 347 (2015)

    2015

  15. [15]

    Laucht, S

    A. Laucht, S. P¨ utz, T. G¨ unthner, N. Hauke, R. Saive, S. Fr´ ed´ erick, M. Bichler, M.-C. Amann, A. W. Holleitner, M. Kaniber, and J. J. Finley, A waveguide-coupled on- chip single-photon source, Phys. Rev. X2, 011014 (2012)

    2012

  16. [16]

    Gerace and L

    D. Gerace and L. C. Andreani, Disorder-induced losses in photonic crystal waveguides with line defects, Optics Letters29, 1897 (2004)

    2004

  17. [17]

    Hughes, L

    S. Hughes, L. Ramunno, J. F. Young, and J. E. Sipe, Ex- trinsic optical scattering loss in photonic crystal waveg- uides: Role of fabrication disorder and photon group ve- locity, Physical Review Letters94(2005)

    2005

  18. [18]

    Kuramochi, M

    E. Kuramochi, M. Notomi, S. Hughes, A. Shinya, T. Watanabe, and L. Ramunno, Disorder-induced scat- tering loss of line-defect waveguides in photonic crystal slabs, Physical Review B72, 161318(R) (2005)

    2005

  19. [19]

    Patterson, S

    M. Patterson, S. Hughes, S. Schulz, D. M. Beggs, T. P. White, L. O’Faolain, and T. F. Krauss, Disorder-induced incoherent scattering losses in photonic crystal waveg- uides: Bloch mode reshaping, multiple scattering, and breakdown of the beer-lambert law, Phys. Rev. B80, 195305 (2009)

    2009

  20. [20]

    Patterson, S

    M. Patterson, S. Hughes, S. Combri´ e, N.-V.-Q. Tran, A. De Rossi, R. Gabet, and Y. Jaou¨ en, Disorder-induced coherent scattering in slow-light photonic crystal waveg- uides, Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 253903 (2009)

    2009

  21. [21]

    N. Mann, M. Patterson, and S. Hughes, Role of bloch mode reshaping and disorder correlation length on scat- tering losses in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides, Physical Review B91, 245151 (2015)

    2015

  22. [22]

    J. Li, T. P. White, L. O’Faolain, A. Gomez-Iglesias, and T. F. Krauss, Systematic design of flat band slow light in photonic crystal waveguides, Optics Express16, 6227 (2008)

    2008

  23. [23]

    L. H. Frandsen, A. V. Lavrinenko, J. Fage-Pedersen, and P. I. Borel, Photonic crystal waveguides with semi-slow light and tailored dispersion properties, Optics Express 14, 9444 (2006)

    2006

  24. [24]

    Hirotani, R

    K. Hirotani, R. Shiratori, and T. Baba, Si photonic crys- tal slow-light waveguides optimized through informatics technology, Optics Letters46, 4422 (2021)

    2021

  25. [25]

    H. Yan, R. Hao, B. Ye, and S. Jin, Exploring high- performance photonic crystal slow light waveguides through deep reinforcement learning, Optics Communi- cations569, 130830 (2024)

    2024

  26. [26]

    J. Chen, R. Hao, I. Nasidi, H. Zhang, X. Wang, and S. Jin, Deep learning-based modelling of complex pho- tonic crystal slow light waveguides, IEEE Journal of Se- lected Topics in Quantum Electronics29, 1–6 (2023)

    2023

  27. [27]

    Thompson, A

    D. Thompson, A. Neill, N. Rotenberg, and S. Hughes, Re- ducing disorder-induced backscattering in photonic crys- tal waveguides through inverse design, Physical Review A113, 023515 (2026)

    2026

  28. [28]

    Nussbaum, E

    E. Nussbaum, E. Sauer, and S. Hughes, Inverse design of broadband and lossless topological photonic crystal waveguide modes, Optics Letters46, 1732 (2021)

    2021

  29. [29]

    Nussbaum, N

    E. Nussbaum, N. Rotenberg, and S. Hughes, Optimizing the chiral Purcell factor for unidirectional single-photon emitters in topological photonic crystal waveguides using inverse design, Phys. Rev. A106, 033514 (2022)

    2022

  30. [30]

    N. J. Martin, M. Jalali Mehrabad, X. Chen, R. Dost, E. Nussbaum, D. Hallett, L. Hallacy, A. Foster, E. Clarke, P. K. Patil, S. Hughes, M. Hafezi, A. M. Fox, M. S. Skolnick, and L. R. Wilson, Topological and conventional nanophotonic waveguides for directional in- tegrated quantum optics, Phys. Rev. Res.6, L022065 (2024)

    2024

  31. [31]

    L. C. Andreani and D. Gerace, Photonic-crystal slabs with a triangular lattice of triangular holes investigated using a guided-mode expansion method, Phys. Rev. B 73, 235114 (2006). 12

    2006

  32. [32]

    Zanotti, M

    S. Zanotti, M. Minkov, D. Nigro, D. Gerace, S. Fan, and L. C. Andreani, Legume: A free implementation of the guided-mode expansion method for photonic crystal slabs, Computer Physics Communications304, 109286 (2024)

    2024

  33. [33]

    Minkov, I

    M. Minkov, I. A. D. Williamson, L. C. Andreani, D. Ger- ace, B. Lou, A. Y. Song, T. W. Hughes, and S. Fan, In- verse design of photonic crystals through automatic dif- ferentiation, ACS Photonics7, 1729–1741 (2020)

    2020

  34. [34]

    Zhang, Q

    Y. Zhang, Q. Ji, and Q. Zhou, A new nonmonotone adap- tive trust region method, Journal of Applied Mathemat- ics and Physics09, 3102–3114 (2021)

    2021

  35. [35]

    J. P. Vasco and S. Hughes, Anderson localization in dis- ordered LN photonic crystal slab cavities, ACS Photonics 5, 1262–1272 (2018)

    2018

  36. [36]

    J. P. Vasco and S. Hughes, Statistics of anderson- localized modes in disordered photonic crystal slab waveguides, Phys. Rev. B95, 224202 (2017)

    2017

  37. [37]

    Crane, O

    T. Crane, O. J. Trojak, J. P. Vasco, S. Hughes, and L. Sapienza, Anderson localization of visible light on a nanophotonic chip, ACS Photonics4, 2274–2280 (2017)

    2017

  38. [38]

    N. V. Hauff, H. Le Jeannic, P. Lodahl, S. Hughes, and N. Rotenberg, Chiral quantum optics in broken- symmetry and topological photonic crystal waveguides, Physical Review Research4, 023082 (2022)

    2022

  39. [39]

    S. G. Johnson, M. Ibanescu, M. A. Skorobogatiy, O. Weisberg, J. D. Joannopoulos, and Y. Fink, Perturba- tion theory for maxwell’s equations with shifting material boundaries, Physical Review E65, 066611 (2002)

    2002

  40. [40]

    N. Mann, S. Combri´ e, P. Colman, M. Patterson, A. D. Rossi, and S. Hughes, Reducing disorder-induced losses for slow light photonic crystal waveguides through bloch mode engineering, Opt. Lett.38, 4244 (2013)

    2013

  41. [41]

    F. Wang, J. S. Jensen, J. Mørk, and O. Sigmund, Sys- tematic design of loss-engineered slow-light waveguides, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A29, 2657 (2012)

    2012

  42. [42]

    O’Faolain, S

    L. O’Faolain, S. A. Schulz, D. M. Beggs, T. P. White, M. Spasenovi´ c, L. Kuipers, F. Morichetti, A. Melloni, S. Mazoyer, J. P. Hugonin, P. Lalanne, and T. F. Krauss, Loss engineered slow light waveguides, Opt. Express18, 27627 (2010)

    2010

  43. [43]

    Hamachi, S

    Y. Hamachi, S. Kubo, and T. Baba, Slow light with low dispersion and nonlinear enhancement in a lattice- shifted photonic crystal waveguide, Optics Letters34, 1072 (2009)

    2009

  44. [44]

    Vercruysse, N

    D. Vercruysse, N. V. Sapra, L. Su, and J. Vuckovic, Dis- persion engineering with photonic inverse design, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics26, 1–6 (2020)

    2020

  45. [45]

    Skorobogatiy, G

    M. Skorobogatiy, G. B´ egin, and A. Talneau, Statistical analysis of geometrical imperfections from the images of 2d photonic crystals, Opt. Express13, 2487 (2005)

    2005

  46. [46]

    A. B. Young, A. C. T. Thijssen, D. M. Beggs, P. An- drovitsaneas, L. Kuipers, J. G. Rarity, S. Hughes, and R. Oulton, Polarization engineering in photonic crystal waveguides for spin-photon entanglers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 153901 (2015)

    2015

  47. [47]

    Riedrich-M¨ oller, C

    J. Riedrich-M¨ oller, C. Arend, C. Pauly, F. M¨ ucklich, M. Fischer, S. Gsell, M. Schreck, and C. Becher, Deter- ministic coupling of a single silicon-vacancy color center to a photonic crystal cavity in diamond, Nano Letters 14, 5281–5287 (2014)

    2014

  48. [48]

    Dobinson, C

    M. Dobinson, C. Bowness, S. A. Meynell, C. Chartrand, E. Hoffmann, M. Gascoine, I. MacGilp, F. Afzal, C. Dan- gel, N. Jahed, M. L. W. Thewalt, S. Simmons, and D. B. Higginbottom, Electrically triggered spin–photon devices in silicon, Nature Photonics19, 1132–1137 (2025)

    2025

  49. [49]

    Q. Wang, S. Stobbe, and P. Lodahl, Mapping the local density of optical states of a photonic crystal with sin- gle quantum dots, Physical Review Letters107, 167404 (2011)

    2011

  50. [50]

    Iles-Smith, D

    J. Iles-Smith, D. P. S. McCutcheon, A. Nazir, and J. Mørk, Phonon scattering inhibits simultaneous near- unity efficiency and indistinguishability in semiconduc- tor single-photon sources, Nature Photonics11, 521–526 (2017)

    2017

  51. [51]

    Gustin and S

    C. Gustin and S. Hughes, Pulsed excitation dynamics in quantum-dot–cavity systems: Limits to optimizing the fidelity of on-demand single-photon sources, Phys. Rev. B98, 045309 (2018)

    2018

  52. [52]

    Albrechtsen, S

    M. Albrechtsen, S. Kr¨ uger, J. C. Loredo, L. Stefan, Z. Liu, Y. Meng, L. L. Niekamp, B. F. Seyschab, N. Spitzer, R. J. Warburton, P. Lodahl, A. Ludwig, and L. Midolo, A quantum-coherent photon–emitter interface in the original telecom band, Nature Nanotechnology21, 642–647 (2026)

    2026

  53. [53]

    R. Uppu, F. T. Pedersen, Y. Wang, C. T. Olesen, C. Pa- pon, X. Zhou, L. Midolo, S. Scholz, A. D. Wieck, A. Lud- wig, and P. Lodahl, Scalable integrated single-photon source, Science Advances6, eabc8268 (2020)

    2020

  54. [54]

    Pregnolato, X.-L

    T. Pregnolato, X.-L. Chu, T. Schr¨ oder, R. Schott, A. D. Wieck, A. Ludwig, P. Lodahl, and N. Rotenberg, Deter- ministic positioning of nanophotonic waveguides around single self-assembled quantum dots, APL Photonics5, 086101 (2020)

    2020

  55. [55]

    Gschrey, F

    M. Gschrey, F. Gericke, A. Sch¨ ußler, R. Schmidt, J.-H. Schulze, T. Heindel, S. Rodt, A. Strittmatter, and S. Re- itzenstein, In situ electron-beam lithography of deter- ministic single-quantum-dot mesa-structures using low- temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, Applied Physics Letters 10.1063/1.4812343 (2013)

    work page doi:10.1063/1.4812343 2013

  56. [56]

    Y.-M. He, J. Liu, S. Maier, M. Emmerling, S. Gerhardt, M. Davan¸ co, K. Srinivasan, C. Schneider, and S. H¨ ofling, Deterministic implementation of a bright, on-demand single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability via quantum dot imaging, Optica4, 802 (2017)

    2017

  57. [57]

    Schr¨ oder, M

    T. Schr¨ oder, M. E. Trusheim, M. Walsh, L. Li, J. Zheng, M. Schukraft, A. Sipahigil, R. E. Evans, D. D. Sukachev, C. T. Nguyen, J. L. Pacheco, R. M. Camacho, E. S. Biele- jec, M. D. Lukin, and D. Englund, Scalable focused ion beam creation of nearly lifetime-limited single quantum emitters in diamond nanostructures, Nature Communi- cations8, 15376 (2017)

    2017

  58. [58]

    C. Han, M. Jin, Y. Tao, B. Shen, and X. Wang, Recent progress in silicon-based slow-light electro-optic modula- tors, Micromachines13, 400 (2022)

    2022

  59. [59]

    Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics,

    S. Shekhar, W. Bogaerts, L. Chrostowski, J. E. Bowers, M. Hochberg, R. Soref, and B. J. Shastri, Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics, Nature Commu- nications15, 10.1038/s41467-024-44750-0 (2024)

    work page doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44750-0 2024

  60. [60]

    G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, Silicon optical modulators, Nature Photonics 4, 518–526 (2010)

    2010

  61. [61]

    Kawahara, T

    K. Kawahara, T. Tsuchizawa, N. Yamamoto, Y. Maegami, K. Yamada, S. Hara, and T. Baba, High-speed, low-voltage, low-bit-energy silicon photonic crystal slow-light modulator with impedance-engineered distributed electrodes, Optica11, 1212 (2024). 13

    2024

  62. [62]

    Kawahara, T

    K. Kawahara, T. Tsuchizawa, N. Yamamoto, Y. Maegami, K. Yamada, S. Hara, and T. Baba, High-efficiency compact optical transmitter with a total bit energy of 0.78 pj/bit including silicon slow-light modulator and open-collector current-mode driver, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics32, 1–11 (2026)

    2026

  63. [63]

    Terada, H

    Y. Terada, H. Ito, H. C. Nguyen, and T. Baba, Theoret- ical and experimental investigation of low-voltage and low-loss 25-gbps si photonic crystal slow light mach– zehnder modulators with interleaved p/n junction, Fron- tiers in Physics2, 2:61 (2014)

    2014

  64. [64]

    Ramunno and S

    L. Ramunno and S. Hughes, Disorder-induced resonance shifts in high-index-contrast photonic crystal nanocavi- ties, Physical Review B79, 161303(R) (2009)

    2009

  65. [65]

    Nedeljkovic, R

    M. Nedeljkovic, R. Soref, and G. Z. Mashanovich, Free- carrier electrorefraction and electroabsorption modula- tion predictions for silicon over the 1–14-µm infrared wavelength range, IEEE Photonics Journal3, 1171 (2011)

    2011

  66. [66]

    N. A. Mortensen and S. Xiao, Slow-light enhancement of beer-lambert-bouguer absorption, Applied Physics Let- ters90, 141108 (2007)

    2007