Reconfigurable Nonlocal Light-Emitting Metalens Nanolasers via Bound States in the Continuum

Omar A. M. Abdelraouf

REVIEW 4 major objections 5 minor 13 references

Reconfigurable Nonlocal Light-Emitting Metalens Nanolasers via Bound States in the Continuum

T0 review · 4 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-01 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read A single flat chip can lase, focus its beam, and shift its color on command using only light.

desk verdict The tunable BIC nanolaser core looks real and worth refereeing, but the light-emitting metalens headline is simulation-only and overclaimed. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.15852 v1 pith:M5SUDUWK submitted 2026-07-17 physics.optics physics.app-phphysics.comp-ph

Omar A. M. Abdelraouf This is my paper · ORCID

classification physics.opticsphysics.app-phphysics.comp-ph

keywords nanolaserboundstatesinthecontinuummetasurfacephase-changematerialSb2S3all-opticaltuningmetalensvisiblelaser

verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper reports a visible-wavelength nanolaser made from a dielectric metasurface that supports a bound state in the continuum (BIC). The device lases at 616 nm at room temperature, and by crystallizing an embedded Sb2S3 phase-change layer with a laser beam, the emission shifts to 621 nm and stays there without any power; a second near-infrared pulse returns it to the original state. The same architecture is extended with a phase-gradient design so that the laser simultaneously focuses its own emission, merging a tunable source and a lens in one flat device. The work matters because it points toward reconfigurable on-chip coherent sources that need no external cavity or bulky optics.

What carries the argument

The central object is the quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC), an ultra-high-Q resonance arising when structural asymmetry weakly couples a dark symmetry-protected mode to radiation; its radiative loss scales with the inverse square of the asymmetry parameter. The tuning mechanism is the non-volatile amorphous-to-crystalline transition of Sb2S3, which raises the refractive index and shifts the BIC condition, moving the lasing wavelength. The phase-gradient metalens mask imparts a spatial phase profile that focuses the emitted wavefront while maintaining the high-Q resonance across the array.

What would settle it

Fabricate the phase-gradient metalens, pump it above threshold, and measure both the emission spectrum and the focal-plane intensity. If no narrow lasing peak appears at the expected wavelengths, or if the far-field spot does not form a diffraction-limited focus, the claimed nonlocal light-emitting metalens does not hold.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper reports a visible nanolaser based on a Nb2O5 metasurface whose structural asymmetry converts a symmetry-protected dark BIC into a radiating quasi-BIC. This cavity, combined with a Rhodamine B dye gain layer, produces room-temperature lasing at 616 nm with a Q-factor above 2050. A low-loss Sb2S3 phase-change layer embedded beneath the resonators provides non-volatile all-optical tuning: a continuous-wave 405 nm laser crystallizes the Sb2S3, red-shifting the lasing line to 621 nm with Q>1454, while a 1060 nm picosecond pulse re-amorphizes it and recovers the original wavelength. The tuning beams are deliberately outside the dye's absorption band, and a thin Al2O3 thermal barrier prot

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the phase-gradient metalens array still supports a high-Q quasi-BIC that lases coherently; this part is backed only by simulations, not by a fabricated device.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

Visible nanolasers can be made reconfigurable all-optically without consuming power to hold their state.
Sb2S3 is a viable low-loss phase-change material for visible wavelengths, unlike conventional GST which is too absorptive.
A thermally decoupled pump and tuning scheme protects organic gain media during repeated phase switching.
A single planar device can both generate coherent light and shape its wavefront, removing the need for external collimating or focusing optics.
Localized optical switching suggests the possibility of spatially addressed, multi-wavelength coherent arrays on a single chip.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The focusing metalens demonstration rests on FDTD simulations rather than measured focal spots; an experimental metalens sample would be the natural next test.
If the phase-gradient approach preserves the quasi-BIC, the same platform could be extended to beam steering and holography, not just focusing.
The non-volatile nature of Sb2S3 might allow partially crystallized states, enabling continuous spectral tuning rather than discrete wavelengths.
Replacing the dye with quantum emitters could turn the reconfigurable cavity into a tunable source of single photons, as the paper hints.

Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Desk Editor's Note

read the letter

The experimentally supported core of this paper is the all-optically tunable BIC nanolaser, and that part is more credible than the abstract suggests. The L-L kink, the FWHM collapse, and the shift from 616 nm to 621 nm with a still-high Q are consistent with lasing and PCM tuning. The dual-wavelength control scheme (405 nm CW for crystallization, 1060 nm ps for re-amorphization, 532 nm for pumping) is a sensible way to protect the dye, and the Al2O3 thermal barrier is a reasonable design choice. If the raw spectra and switch-cycle data are in the SI, this is a genuine advance in visible tunable nanolasers.

The soft spots are where the paper reaches beyond its evidence. The headline 'light-emitting metalens' rests entirely on FDTD simulations (Figure 5). No experimental lasing, no measured focal spot, no Q-factor for the aperiodic design, no threshold behavior. The claim that the phase gradient 'maintains' the quasi-BIC is asserted, not shown. That is a major overstatement in the abstract and conclusion, which use 'demonstrate' for something that is simulation-only. Second, there is a direct dimensional contradiction: the Figure 1 caption gives 450 nm Nb2O5 thickness, while the Methods say a 100 nm layer was deposited and then blanket-etched. That needs to be fixed—it could be a typo, but it undermines confidence in the fabrication description. Third, re-amorphization is mentioned but not shown in the main text; the reader only gets a reference to Figure S3, which isn't included. Fourth, there are no error bars or raw data points in the L-L curve or linewidth plot, which makes it hard to assess the threshold quality.

The citation pattern is heavy on the author's own prior work, but the related tunable-BIC and amplified-PL papers are directly relevant, and the incremental claim here—non-volatile tuning of an actual lasing transition—does not appear in those. This is not a fatal issue.

Who gets value: researchers working on BIC lasers, visible PCM photonics, and reconfigurable metasurfaces. The periodic-laser tuning result is worth engaging with. The metalens part needs to be reframed as a design study until there is experimental confirmation.

Recommendation: send to peer review, but require the authors to (1) provide the SI data, (2) clarify the Nb2O5 thickness, (3) show re-amorphization spectra, and (4) either present an experimental metalens focal spot or soften the claim to a simulated design. With those changes, the core result could stand.

Referee Report

4 major / 5 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports an all-optically tunable visible nanolaser based on a Nb2O5 metasurface supporting a quasi-BIC resonance, with Rhodamine B as gain and Sb2S3 as a non-volatile phase-change tuning layer. Experimental claims include room-temperature lasing at 616 nm with Q>2050, CW-laser crystallization shifting the emission to 621 nm with Q>1454, and NIR ps-laser re-amorphization. The paper also presents a phase-gradient metalens design intended to simultaneously lase and focus, supported by FDTD simulations. The periodic-laser lasing and tuning data are internally consistent; the metalens portion, however, is simulation-only despite being described as demonstrated in the abstract and conclusion.

Significance. If the periodic-laser experimental claims hold, the demonstration of room-temperature visible BIC lasing with a low-loss Sb2S3 PCM and non-volatile all-optical tuning would be a useful advance, and the thermal management scheme (Al2O3 barrier, decoupled pump/tuning wavelengths) is a practical contribution. The metalens concept is potentially important, but its current support is not experimental: Figure 5 shows only FDTD-computed focal-plane intensities, with no gain model, no threshold/linewidth behavior, and no reported Q-factor for the aperiodic structure. The unique headline capability—a coherent, nonlocal light-emitting metalens—therefore rests entirely on simulation, and the manuscript's language overstates the evidence. No code, data, or reproducibility artifacts are provided.

major comments (4)

[Abstract; Results, Figure 5; Conclusion] The paper repeatedly states 'demonstrate' a coherent, nonlocal tunable light-emitting metalens, but the only support is the FDTD focal-plane simulation in Figure 5. No experimental lasing spectrum, focal-spot measurement, threshold curve, or linewidth collapse is shown for the metalens. The simulation also lacks a gain model and does not report a Q-factor or field-confinement check for the aperiodic supercell. Since the phase mask was designed to focus, the simulated spot partly verifies the design rather than independently confirming lasing. Either provide experimental metalens lasing/focusing data or revise the abstract, introduction, and conclusion to present the metalens as a simulated proof-of-concept.
[Figure 1 caption vs Methods (Fabrication)] There is a direct contradiction in the Nb2O5 thickness: the Figure 1 caption lists 'Nb2O5, Sb2S3, and Al2O3 are 450 nm, 130 nm, and 10 nm,' while the Methods section states 'a 100 nm layer of Nb2O5 was deposited' and a 'blanket etch' removes the top 100 nm. This is not cosmetic: the pillar height directly controls the quasi-BIC spectral position, Q-factor, and gain overlap. Please reconcile the geometry used in simulations with the fabricated geometry.
[Results, re-amorphization; Figure S3] The all-optical tuning claim includes re-amorphization via a 1060 nm ps-laser, and the conclusion asserts cyclic endurance, but the main text provides no re-amorphized spectrum or post-cycle lasing data; the only support is a reference to Figure S3. If re-amorphization is a core part of the demonstrated tuning cycle, the data should appear in the main text or be explicitly labeled as preliminary/future work.
[Figure 3 and lasing characterization] The L-L kink and FWHM collapse in Figure 3 are encouraging, but no error bars, repeated-device statistics, or spectral-resolution limit are given. Since 'coherent lasing' is central to the title and abstract, the authors should provide an independent coherence check (e.g., interferometry or speckle measurement) or at least quantify the spectrometer resolution and measurement uncertainty to rule out linewidth narrowing from detection artifacts.

minor comments (5)

[Lasing measurement (Methods)] The stated laser parameters are internally inconsistent: 10 Hz repetition rate and 'pulse energy up to 150 µJ' give an average power of about 1.5 mW, not 'up to 50 mW'. Please correct.
[Abstract/Introduction, refs 10,14,15,37-39,44,52-57] The reference list contains numerous papers dated 2026 and many self-citations, including arXiv preprints. Please verify all are publicly available and relevant, and consider pruning excessive self-citations.
[Page 6, 'Q ∝ α^-2'] The statement that radiative Q scales as α^-2 is made without derivation or citation. Since α is defined only broadly as ∝ Δw, please provide the precise definition and a reference or formula.
[General text] There are several typographical errors, e.g., 'due to due to' (page 7), 'acccessed' (references 46, 49, 50), and the phrase 're-amorphous phase tuning' is awkward. Also, Figure 4's inset lacks a scale bar.
[Figure 5] The metalens simulation would be more informative with a focal-spot size comparison to the diffraction limit and a quantitative Strehl ratio or similar metric; the current 'diffraction-limited' claim is asserted without a quantitative baseline.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the central lasing and tuning claims are direct measurements; the metalens issue is an evidence gap, not a circular derivation.

full rationale

The paper's central claims—room-temperature lasing at 616 nm (Q>2050), non-volatile all-optical tuning to 621 nm (Q>1454), and re-amorphization—are reported as direct experimental measurements. The lasing threshold, linewidth collapse, emission wavelengths, and Q-factors are obtained from measured spectra and L-L curves, not derived from fitted parameters renamed as predictions. The cold-cavity Q=242 is also a measured transmission value, and the active Q=λ/Δλ is a standard definition applied to measured linewidths. The BIC scaling Q∝α^-2 is a standard, externally established result invoked qualitatively, not a self-citation carrying the argument. The paper does contain many self-citations, including refs. 37-39 for phase-gradient metalens concepts, but none is load-bearing for the experimental lasing/tuning results; the metalens design is presented with its own SI implementation and FDTD simulation. The weakest part is the 'light-emitting metalens' claim: Figure 5 shows only FDTD-simulated focal-plane intensity maps of a phase mask that was designed to focus, and no gain model or experimental lasing is provided. That is a real gap in evidence—the simulation verifies that the designed geometry produces the intended focusing response, and the lasing/focusing combination is asserted rather than independently demonstrated—but it is not a circular derivation: the focal-spot output is a forward electromagnetic simulation of the designed structure, not an input that has been renamed as a result. Under the stated rules, missing experimental support and overclaiming are correctness risks, not circularity. No step reduces by construction to its own inputs, and no uniqueness theorem or load-bearing claim is imported solely from the authors' prior work. Therefore the appropriate circularity finding is 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The main lasing/tuning claims are empirical and not fitted from a model, so circularity is low there. The device geometry is a design input, not a fitted parameter, but key values are missing. The metalens focusing simulation is a self-consistency check of a designed phase mask, not an external prediction. The strongest external anchors are measured ellipsometry indices and standard BIC theory, both of which are reasonable but not fully reported.

free parameters (3)

Metasurface geometry (w1, w2, D, pillar thickness) = w1/w2/D not specified; Nb2O5 thickness inconsistent (450 nm vs 100 nm)
The BIC wavelength and Q-factor are set by these dimensions; they are chosen in simulation, and key values are either omitted or contradictory.
Sb2S3 refractive index states at lasing wavelengths = Not given in main text; from ellipsometry in Figure S1
The 5 nm spectral shift depends on the amorphous/crystalline index contrast, which is not reported numerically in the main text.
Asymmetry parameter α ∝ (w1 − w2) = Not specified
Controls the quasi-BIC Q-factor through Q ∝ α^-2 and thus the lasing feedback, but its actual value is not given.

assumptions (4)

domain assumption Quasi-BIC radiative Q scales as Q ∝ α^-2 for symmetry-broken metasurfaces.
Invoked to connect structural asymmetry to cavity feedback; stated without derivation or a specific source in the main text.
domain assumption The local phase approximation holds for the aperiodic metalens: each meta-atom's periodic-cell phase response predicts the global focusing behavior.
Standard in metalens design, but unvalidated experimentally here; the metalens claim depends entirely on this approximation plus FDTD.
domain assumption Rhodamine B in PVA survives the Sb2S3 crystallization and melt-quench thermal cycles.
The reconfigurability claim requires dye survival; evidence is only referenced to SI Figure S3 and not shown in the main text.
domain assumption 405 nm CW irradiation crystallizes the Sb2S3 layer and 1060 nm ps pulses re-amorphize it without damaging the Nb2O5 cavity.
The tuning scheme relies on this switching behavior, but the main text does not provide spectra after re-amorphization or cycle-endurance data.

how reviews work

0 comments

Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Reconfigurable Nonlocal Light-Emitting Metalens Nanolasers via Bound States in the Continuum." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/M5SUDUWK

@misc{pith2026260715852,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Reconfigurable Nonlocal Light-Emitting Metalens Nanolasers via Bound States in the Continuum},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/M5SUDUWK}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.15852}
}

read the original abstract

The development of on-chip, reconfigurable coherent light sources operating in the visible spectrum is critical for next-generation optical computing and high-speed data processing. Here, we demonstrate an all-optically tunable nanolaser based on a hybrid dielectric metasurface. The platform integrates a Rhodamine B (Rd B) dye gain medium with a Niobium Pentoxide (Nb2O5) metasurface supporting a high-Q Bound State in the Continuum (BIC) resonance. Active, non-volatile tuning is achieved by incorporating the low-loss phase change material (PCM) Antimony Trisulfide (Sb2S3). We demonstrate room-temperature lasing at 616 nm with Q-factor > 2050. A continuous-wave (CW) laser is utilized for the crystallization of the PCM, tuning the lasing emission to crystalline at 621 nm with Q-factor > 1454, while a near-infrared (NIR) ps-laser triggers its re-amorphization. This robust, thermally protected optical-only control scheme, combined with a phase-gradient metasurface design, realizes a coherent, nonlocal light-emitting metalens for simultaneous lasing wavelength tuning and wavefront control. This work provides a foundational demonstration of an all-optical tunable metalens-based nanolaser for applications in high-speed optical communication, neuromorphic photonics, dynamic holographic displays, and reconfigurable quantum light sources.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.15852 by the authors.

**Figure 1.** Design and working principle of the all-optically reconfigurable hybrid metasurface nanolaser operating via BIC resonances in the visible spectrum. (a) Three-dimensional representation of the device architecture. The platform combines a low-loss Nb2O5 BIC cavity, an Al2O3 thermal barrier, an Sb2S3 active tuning layer, and a Rhodamine B (Rd B) gain medium resting on a quartz substrate. It illustrates excitation via a… view at source ↗

**Figure 2.** Electromagnetic field distributions and multipolar analysis of the reconfigurable hybrid nanolaser cavity. (a) Normalized scattering cross-section (NSCS) spectra for the asymmetric BIC metasurface in the amorphous Sb2S3 (a-Sb2S3) phase. The plot resolves the constituent electric, magnetic, and toroidal contributions, including electric dipole (ED), electric quadrupole (EQ), magnetic dipole (MD), and magnetic quadrup… view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Emission characteristics of the tunable hybrid BIC nanolaser in the amorphous phase (aSb2S3). (a) Experimental normalized photoluminescence (PL) spectra as a function of pump fluence for the Rd B-coated hybrid metasurface. The data captures the distinct transition from broad spontaneous emission to narrow lasing action precisely at the cavity's BIC wavelength. (b) Integrated PL intensity and spectral full-width-hal… view at source ↗

Figures from the paper (2 more)

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: Spectral tuning of the emission from the all-optically controlled hybrid BIC nanolaser. The main panel displays normalized visible PL spectra for both the amorphous (a-Sb2S3) and crystalline (c-Sb2S3) phases, demonstrating a clear lasing wavelength shift from approxima…

**Figure 5.** Figure 5: Design and validation of the all-optically reconfigurable, BIC-driven metalens nanolaser. (a) (Left) Three-dimensional schematic of the hybrid device utilizing a 405 nm CW pump laser to induce PCM crystallization, alongside a 532 nm ns-laser to pump the gain medium, yi…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

13 extracted references · 3 linked inside Pith

[1]

Physical limits for scaling of integrated circuits

(1) Nawrocki, W. Physical limits for scaling of integrated circuits. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010; Vol. 248, p 012059. (2) Larson, L. E. Integrated circuit technology options for RFICs-present status and future directions. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2002, 33 (3), 387-399. (3) Haselman, M.; Hauck, S. The future of integrated cir...

2010
[2]

I.; Kildishev, A

(8) Azzam, S. I.; Kildishev, A. V.; Ma, R.-M.; Ning, C.-Z.; Oulton, R.; Shalaev, V. M.; Stockman, M. I.; Xu, J.-L.; Zhang, X. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. Light: Science & Applications 2020, 9 (1),

2020
[3]

(44) Abdelraouf, O. A. Amplified Directional Photoluminescence from CIS Quantum Dots and hBN Quantum Emitters using Tunable BIC Metasurfaces. arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.10470

arXiv
[7]

J.; Rivero-Baleine, C.; Hu, J

(40) Gu, T.; Kim, H. J.; Rivero-Baleine, C.; Hu, J. Reconfigurable metasurfaces towards commercial success. Nature Photonics 2023, 17 (1), 48-58. (41) Zhao, Y.; Liu, Z.; Li, C.; Jiao, W.; Jiang, S.; Li, X.; Duan, J.; Li, J. Mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces: fabrications and applications. npj Nanophotonics 2024, 1 (1),

2023
[10]

27 (45) Abdelraouf, O. A. M. Electrically tunable photon-pair generation in nanostructured NbOCl2 for quantum communications. Optics & Laser Technology 2025, 192, 113517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113517. (46) Abdollahramezani, S.; Hemmatyar, O.; Taghinejad, H.; Krasnok, A.; Kiarashinejad, Y.; Zandehshahvar, M.; Alù, A.; Adibi, A. Tuna...

arXiv 2025
[11]

(54) Abdelraouf, O

DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.21945. (54) Abdelraouf, O. A. M. Giant Second-Harmonic Generation in 3R-MoS2/MLM Hybrid Metasurfaces Cavities. arXiv.2606.26751

arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.21945
[12]

(55) Abdelraouf, O

DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.26751. (55) Abdelraouf, O. A. M. NanoPhotoNet-Inverse: AI-driven inverse design of dual- resonance multi-layer metasurface for enhanced single photon emission. Optics Communications 2026, 610, 133152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2026.133152. (56) Abdelraouf, O. A. M. NanoPhotoNet-NL: AI-Assisted Design of...

arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.26751 2026
[16]

A.; Anthur, A

(42) Abdelraouf, O. A.; Anthur, A. P.; Dong, Z.; Liu, H.; Wang, Q.; Krivitsky, L.; Renshaw Wang, X.; Wang, Q. J.; Liu, H. Multistate tuning of third harmonic generation in fano‐ resonant hybrid dielectric metasurfaces. Advanced Functional Materials 2021, 31 (48), 2104627. (43) Abdelraouf, O. A.; Anthur, A. P.; Liu, H.; Dong, Z.; Wang, Q.; Krivitsky, L.; W...

2021

Show all 13 references

[90]

Plasmonic nanolasers in on-chip light sources: prospects and challenges

(9) Liang, Y.; Li, C.; Huang, Y.-Z.; Zhang, Q. Plasmonic nanolasers in on-chip light sources: prospects and challenges. ACS nano 2020, 14 (11), 14375-14390. (10) Abdulaal, I. I.; Elsayed, A. W. A.; Abdelraouf, O. A. M. Recent advances in terahertz- based bound states in the co...

2020
[1660]

A.; Wang, X

(16) Abdelraouf, O. A.; Wang, X. C.; Goh Ken, C. H.; Lim Nelson, C. B.; Ng, S. K.; Wang, W. D.; Renshaw Wang, X.; Wang, Q. J.; Liu, H. All‐Optical Switching of Structural Color with a Fabry–Pérot Cavity. Advanced Photonics Research 2023, 4 (11), 2300209. 25 (17) Mascaretti, L....

2023
[2020]

(59) Paniagua-Domínguez, R.; Yu, Y

(accessed. (59) Paniagua-Domínguez, R.; Yu, Y. F.; Miroshnichenko, A. E.; Krivitsky, L. A.; Fu, Y. H.; Valuckas, V.; Gonzaga, L.; Toh, Y. T.; Kay, A. Y. S.; Luk’yanchuk, B. Generalized Brewster effect in dielectric metasurfaces. Nature communications 2016, 7 (1), 1-9

2016
[2025]

(39) Abdelraouf, O. A. On-Demand Coherent Nanolaser Metalens and Beam Steering Enabled by Physics-Informed Neural Networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.00739

arXiv
[2026]

A.; Wang, Z.; Liu, H.; Dong, Z.; Wang, Q.; Ye, M.; Wang, X

(11) Abdelraouf, O. A.; Wang, Z.; Liu, H.; Dong, Z.; Wang, Q.; Ye, M.; Wang, X. R.; Wang, Q. J.; Liu, H. Recent advances in tunable metasurfaces: materials, design, and applications. ACS nano 2022, 16 (9), 13339-13369. (12) Liu, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Deng, J.; Ruan, Q.; Zhan...

2022

Pith tools

Reviewed August 1, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.

[1] [1]

Physical limits for scaling of integrated circuits

(1) Nawrocki, W. Physical limits for scaling of integrated circuits. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010; Vol. 248, p 012059. (2) Larson, L. E. Integrated circuit technology options for RFICs-present status and future directions. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2002, 33 (3), 387-399. (3) Haselman, M.; Hauck, S. The future of integrated cir...

2010

[2] [2]

I.; Kildishev, A

(8) Azzam, S. I.; Kildishev, A. V.; Ma, R.-M.; Ning, C.-Z.; Oulton, R.; Shalaev, V. M.; Stockman, M. I.; Xu, J.-L.; Zhang, X. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. Light: Science & Applications 2020, 9 (1),

2020

[3] [3]

(44) Abdelraouf, O. A. Amplified Directional Photoluminescence from CIS Quantum Dots and hBN Quantum Emitters using Tunable BIC Metasurfaces. arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.10470

arXiv

[4] [7]

J.; Rivero-Baleine, C.; Hu, J

(40) Gu, T.; Kim, H. J.; Rivero-Baleine, C.; Hu, J. Reconfigurable metasurfaces towards commercial success. Nature Photonics 2023, 17 (1), 48-58. (41) Zhao, Y.; Liu, Z.; Li, C.; Jiao, W.; Jiang, S.; Li, X.; Duan, J.; Li, J. Mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces: fabrications and applications. npj Nanophotonics 2024, 1 (1),

2023

[5] [10]

27 (45) Abdelraouf, O. A. M. Electrically tunable photon-pair generation in nanostructured NbOCl2 for quantum communications. Optics & Laser Technology 2025, 192, 113517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113517. (46) Abdollahramezani, S.; Hemmatyar, O.; Taghinejad, H.; Krasnok, A.; Kiarashinejad, Y.; Zandehshahvar, M.; Alù, A.; Adibi, A. Tuna...

arXiv 2025

[6] [11]

(54) Abdelraouf, O

DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.21945. (54) Abdelraouf, O. A. M. Giant Second-Harmonic Generation in 3R-MoS2/MLM Hybrid Metasurfaces Cavities. arXiv.2606.26751

arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.21945

[7] [12]

(55) Abdelraouf, O

DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.26751. (55) Abdelraouf, O. A. M. NanoPhotoNet-Inverse: AI-driven inverse design of dual- resonance multi-layer metasurface for enhanced single photon emission. Optics Communications 2026, 610, 133152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2026.133152. (56) Abdelraouf, O. A. M. NanoPhotoNet-NL: AI-Assisted Design of...

arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.26751 2026

[8] [16]

A.; Anthur, A

(42) Abdelraouf, O. A.; Anthur, A. P.; Dong, Z.; Liu, H.; Wang, Q.; Krivitsky, L.; Renshaw Wang, X.; Wang, Q. J.; Liu, H. Multistate tuning of third harmonic generation in fano‐ resonant hybrid dielectric metasurfaces. Advanced Functional Materials 2021, 31 (48), 2104627. (43) Abdelraouf, O. A.; Anthur, A. P.; Liu, H.; Dong, Z.; Wang, Q.; Krivitsky, L.; W...

2021