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REVIEW 2 major objections 6 minor 295 references

The twentieth SDSS data release presents the first all-sky BOSS spectra, with over 3 million spectra of 1.5 million stars and half a million galaxies and quasars, alongside the first production Local Volume Mapper integral-field maps.

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2026-08-01 00:37 UTC pith:4K5HO4FZ

load-bearing objection Big, honest DR20: first southern BOSS spectra + LVM maps, with one real pipeline-validation gap. the 2 major comments →

arxiv 2607.26149 v1 pith:4K5HO4FZ submitted 2026-07-28 astro-ph.GA astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR

The Twentieth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First All-Sky BOSS Spectra, eROSITA-SDSS-V Mapper Coordinated Observations, and a Preview of the Local Volume Mapper

SDSS Collaboration , Mojgan Aghakhanloo , David Aguilar , James Aird , Andr\'{e}s Almeida , Bella Abigail Sanabria Alonso , Hillary Diane Andales , Scott F. Anderson
show 267 more authors
Stefan Arseneau Consuelo Gonz\'{a}lez \'{A}vila Shir Aviram Catarina Aydar Carles Badenes Carolina Andonie Jorge K. Barrera-Ballesteros Franz E. Bauer Chad Bender Michelle A. Berg F. Besser Binod Bhattarai Christian Moni Bidin Jonathan C. Bird Dmitry Bizyaev Guillermo A. Blanc Alexandra Bonkoski Jo Bovy Andrea Bracamonte W. N. Brandt Jaco Brink Joel R. Brownstein Esra Bulbul Joseph N. Burchett Robert E. Butler Leticia Carigi Joleen K. Carlberg Andrew R. Casey Lesly Casta\~{n}eda-Carlos Fernanda Milla Castro Priyanka Chakraborty Julio Chanam\'{e} Vedant Chandra Brian Cherinka Igor Chilingarian Arlin Cortes Maren Cosens Irene Cruz-Gonzalez Elena D'Onghia Collin Dabbieri Xinyu Dai Jeremy Darling James W. Davidson Jr. Megan C. Davis Nathan De Lee Niall Deacon Jos\'{e} Eduardo M\'{e}ndez Delgado Sebastian Demasi Mariia Demianenko Delvin Demke Francesco Di Mille Bruno Dias Ariana Didiano John Donor Ethan Driscoll Niv Drory Liam Dubay Mon\'{i}ca A Villa Durango Tom Dwelly Oleg Egorov Evgeniya Egorova Kareem El-Badry Michael Eracleous Xiaohui Fan Liliana Flores Peter Frinchaboy Nicola Pietro Gentile Fusillo Luis Daniel Serrano F\'{e}lix Boris T. G\"{a}nsicke Emma Galligan Dante Garcia Pablo Garc\'{i}a Junqiang Ge Joseph Gelfand Simon C. O. Glover Juan Daniel Gonzalez Ruiz Katie Grabowski Eva K. Grebel Paul J. Green Catherine Grier Emily J. Griffith Paloma Guetzoyan Pramod Gupta Patrick B. Hall Audrey Hauck Keith Hawkins Saskia Hekker T. M. Herbst J. J. Hermes J. Hern\'{a}ndez Lorena Hern\'{a}ndez-Garc\'{i}a Thomas Hilder Pranavi Hiremath David W Hogg Jon Holtzman Keith Horne Danny Horta Yang Huang Maximilian H\"{a}berle Hector Javier Ibarra-Medel Julie Imig Alex Ji \'{O}. Jim\'{e}nez-Arranz Paula Jofre James W. Johnson Jennifer Johnson Evelyn J. Johnston Patricio Jones Amy M. Jones Mary Kaldor Amir Kalechman Ivan Katkov Sergey Khoperskov Dong-Woo Kim Jinyoung Serena Kim Ralf Klessen Matthias Kluge Anton M. Koekemoer Juna A. Kollmeier Marina Kounkel Kathryn Kreckel Dhanesh Krishnarao Mirko Krumpe Nimisha Kumari Thomas Kupfer Ivan Lacerna Sean D. Lam Sorya Lambert Chervin Laporte Sebastien Lepine Jiadong Li Bowen Li Jianhui Lian Guilherme Limberg Xin Liu Sarah Loebman Dan Long Knox Long Yuxi (Lucy) Lu Madeline Lucey Alejandra Z. Lugo-Aranda Steven Raymond Majewski Dan Maoz M. L. Mart\'{i}nez-Aldama Rachel Lee McClure Madeleine McKenzie Kevin McKinnon Timothy McQuaid Ilija Medan Alfredo J. Mej\'{i}a-Narv\'{a}ez Andrea Merloni Szabolcs M\'{e}sz\'{a}ros Dante Minniti Takamitsu Miyaji Stephanie Monty Leslie M. Morales Sean Morrison Adam Moss Johanna M\"{u}ller-Horn Natalie R. Myers C. Alenka Negrete Shannon Neilson Melissa Ness David L. Nidever Christian Nitschelm Mohammed Iddrisu Nlowie Daniel Oravetz Audrey Oravetz Jonah M. Otto Gautham Adamane Pallathadka Kaike Pan Facundo P\'{e}rez Paolino Ziming Peng Leah Peterson Marc Pinsonneault Anastasiia Plotnikova Moire K. M. Prescott Adrian M. Price-Whelan Nadiia Pulatova M. Jordan Raddick Amy L. Rankine Paola Rodr\'{i}guez Hidalgo M. Katy Rodriguez Wimberly A. Roman-Lopes Carlos G. Rom\'{a}n-Z\'{u}\~{n}iga Daniela Fern\'{a}ndez Rosso William Roster Serat Mahmud Saad Mara Salvato Sebasti\'{a}n F. S\'{a}nchez Andreas A. C. Sander Rodrigo Sandoval-Orozco Ravi Sankrit Saroon Sasi Natascha Sattler Andrew K. Saydjari Maryum Sayeed Conor Sayres Fabian Scheuermann Kevin C. Schlaufman Donald P. Schneider Axel Schwope Conner Scoresby Lucas M. Seaton Javier Serna Kayvon Sharifi Allyson Sheffield Paula Silva Amrita Singh Amaya Sinha Tawny Sit Peter J. Smith Ying-Yi Song Diogo Souto Keivan Stassun Matthias Steinmetz Zachary Stone Alexander Stone-Martinez Guy S. Stringfellow Amelia Stutz Jos\'{e} S\'{a}nchez-Gallego Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp Jonathan C. Tan Emma Tasso Jamie Tayar Aniruddha R. Thakar Pierre Thibodeaux Yuan-Sen Ting Andrew Tkachenko Gagik Tovmasian Benny Trakhtenbrot Jos\'{e} G. Fern\'{a}ndez-Trincado Nicholas Troup Jonathan R. Trump Sarah Tuttle Natalie Ulloa Ana Sof\'{i}a Uzsoy Ricardo L\'{o}pez Valdivia Greique A. Valk Roeland P. van der Marel Luciano Vargas-Herrera Pablo Vera Valentina Bonilla Villalobos Sandro Villanova Jaime I. Villase\~{n}or Zach Way Anne-Marie Weijmans John C. Wilson Aida Wofford Tony Wong Qiaoya Wu Dominika Wylezalek Xiang-Xiang Xue Renbin Yan Qian Yang Nadia Zakamska Abner Zapata Eleonora Zari Gail Zasowski Grisha Zeltyn Guangquan Zeng Jichen Zhang Jingkun Zhao Zezhou Zhu Igor Zinchenko Catherine Zucker Rodolfo de J. Zerme\~{n}o
This is my paper
classification astro-ph.GA astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR
keywords SDSS data releaseBOSS spectroscopyMilky Way MapperBlack Hole MapperLocal Volume Mapperintegral field spectroscopyeROSITA follow-upvalue-added catalogs
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper is the formal description of the twentieth data release (DR20) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Its central claim is that DR20 delivers the first optical BOSS spectra from the southern hemisphere for the Milky Way Mapper and Black Hole Mapper surveys, adding more than 3 million spectra of 1.5 million stars and half a million galaxies and quasars. It also releases the first substantial set of Local Volume Mapper integral-field spectroscopy: 169 tiles across six targets, including Galactic H II regions, a planetary nebula, and two nearby galaxies. The paper further presents eighteen value-added catalogs, a new LVM visualization tool, and a re-reduction of all previously released optical spectra with a new pipeline version. A sympathetic reader would care because this release roughly quadruples the size of the stellar and extragalactic spectroscopic samples and extends them to the southern sky, enabling new population studies in both hemispheres.

Core claim

The paper establishes that DR20 contains the first SDSS-V optical spectra from the southern hemisphere, including roughly 1.1 million BOSS spectra of 0.5 million Black Hole Mapper objects and 2.2 million BOSS spectra of 1.2 million Milky Way Mapper stars, a factor of four to five increase over DR19. It also presents the first production Local Volume Mapper data products: 169 tiles covering six targets, with both reduced spectra and data-analysis products such as emission-line flux and kinematic maps. In addition, DR20 re-releases all DR19 optical spectra reprocessed with a new version of the BOSS pipeline that includes a substantially updated fiber-tracing algorithm, and it adds eighteen val

What carries the argument

The load-bearing pipeline update is the new fiber-tracing correction in BOSS pipeline version v6_2_1: because nightly flat-field calibrations were reduced to a few per night in robotic FPS operations, flexure in the BOSS instrument—especially at Las Campanas—made traces from flats unreliable. The fix correlates arc-lamp lines taken with each science field against an arc associated with the flats, building per-field trace corrections applied before extraction. This correction underpins the wavelength calibration and spectral extraction for the bulk of the released data. The Local Volume Mapper side is carried by the LVM data reduction pipeline version 1.2.0, which introduced a fiber profile m

Load-bearing premise

The new BOSS fiber-tracing correction—which uses arc-lamp lines taken with each science field to adjust traces built from the few nightly flats—must be accurate for every FPS field; if it is biased, the wavelength calibration and spectral extraction of the bulk of the released data are systematically wrong.

What would settle it

Compare the wavelength residuals of bright night-sky lines across all fibers in a re-reduced DR20 frame: if the fiber-tracing correction is unbiased, the residuals should scatter around zero with no position-dependent pattern; a smooth residual gradient or systematic offset growing toward the detector edges would indicate the arc-flat correlation is wrong for that field. A complementary check is to re-observe a small set of DR19 targets and compare the new and old reduced spectra for wavelength shifts.

Watch this falsifier — get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

If this is right

  • Researchers can now obtain optical spectra for hundreds of thousands of southern-sky X-ray sources identified by eROSITA, with redshifts and classifications that were previously missing.
  • The Milky Way Mapper sample grows roughly fourfold, enabling chemo-dynamical studies of the halo, solar neighborhood, white dwarfs, young stellar objects, and other populations across both hemispheres.
  • The Local Volume Mapper releases spatially resolved flux and kinematic maps, not just raw spectra, allowing direct study of H II regions, planetary nebulae, and nearby galaxies.
  • The re-reduction of all DR19 spectra with the new pipeline means earlier results based on DR19 BOSS data may need to be rechecked for consistency.
  • The new Target-of-Opportunity mode provides a mechanism for transient follow-up within the survey's regular field allocations.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the new fiber-tracing correction proves accurate across all FPS fields, the same arc-to-flat correlation strategy could be applied to other fiber-fed spectrographs that take sparse flat calibrations, reducing flexure-induced wavelength errors without adding calibration overhead.
  • Because DR20 re-reduces all previously released BOSS spectra, users of DR19 data should verify whether radial velocities and line ratios shift between pipeline versions; a small systematic shift could affect precision measurements.
  • The LVM foreground-subtraction procedure for extragalactic targets is explicitly experimental, so the MW-subtracted products for NGC 4945 and M 33 should be treated as provisional until validated.
  • The released LVM tiles are about one percent of the full acquired dataset, suggesting the next releases will bring a much larger science-ready LVM sample and that early analyses should be designed with reprocessing in mind.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 6 minor

Summary. This paper presents SDSS DR20, the third SDSS-V data release. The central claim is the existence, content, and accessibility of the release: the first southern-hemisphere BOSS optical spectra from LCO, roughly 3 million BOSS spectra of about 1.5 million stars and 0.5 million galaxies/quasars, including a factor-of-four expansion of BHM and MWM samples over DR19, a re-reduction of all DR19 BOSS spectra with idlspec2d v6_2_1, 169 LVM IFU tiles for six targets with DRP and DAP products, one ToO spectrum, an updated targeting database, and 18 value-added catalogs plus the LVMvis visualization tool. The paper also documents known data-quality issues and provides QA flags for LVM.

Significance. If the release is as described, it is a major community resource: it opens the southern sky for SDSS-V optical spectroscopy, substantially enlarges BHM and MWM samples, aligns SPIDERS with eROSITA DR2, and releases the first production LVM DAP maps. The paper's strengths include versioned pipelines on GitHub, transparent disclosure of known issues in §7.4.1, QA bitmasks for LVM exposures, and a visual-inspection VAC that quantifies BHM redshift reliability. The main correctness risk is the BOSS v6_2_1 fiber-tracing update described in §4.1: it underpins every BOSS spectrum in the release but is neither fully described nor quantitatively validated in this paper.

major comments (2)
  1. [§4.1] The new fiber-tracing correction in idlspec2d v6_2_1 is called 'the most significant update' and is applied to all BOSS spectra in DR20, including re-reduced DR19 spectra, yet its full description and validation are deferred to Morrison et al. (in prep.). The paper reports no quantitative check: no sky-line residual statistics, no v6_2_1-vs-v6_1_3 comparison on identical plates, and no field-by-field trace-error map. Because the correction correlates arc-lamp lines from each science field with flat-associated arcs, a biased correlation would shift the wavelength solution and all derived redshifts and radial velocities without necessarily setting ZWARNING flags. This is load-bearing for the 'science-ready spectra' claim. Please add a validation appendix or explicitly state that validation is pending and which products should be treated as provisional.
  2. [§4.3 / Table 1] The DR20 MWM stellar parameters and several VACs depend on the Astra framework and on two updated BOSS DAPs (MDwarfType and SnowWhite), but these are described only via in-prep references (Casey et al.; Galligan & Lepine; Gentile Fusillo). The paper notes that each pipeline was refactored at least slightly for Astra, and that two pipelines have DR20 code changes, yet no validation summary is provided. For the MWM stellar-parameter VACs to be usable as science-ready products, include at least a repeatability or external-benchmark check, or mark the affected parameters preliminary pending the in-prep papers.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Abstract / §2 / §6] The abstract says '1.5 million stars' while §6 and Table 3 give 1.2 million stellar targets for MWM, with the difference explained by exclusion of standard stars. Please align the abstract wording or add a note there to avoid apparent inconsistency.
  2. [§4.1] The pipeline version string appears as 'v6 2 1' with spaces in several places; use 'v6_2_1' consistently.
  3. [§7.4.1] For the known issues (branch flux jumps, OI sky-line subtraction, [NII] 6548 suppression), give the number of affected exposures/tiles or explicitly identify the corresponding QA flag bits, so users can quantify the impact rather than rediscover it.
  4. [§10.1.6] The estimate that only 89% of allepoch BHM redshifts are reliable, with ~1.3% false positives in the reliable subset, is important context for the BHM release. Please state this in §5 (or in the abstract's BHM summary) rather than only in the VAC section.
  5. [Title / Abstract] The phrase 'First All-Sky BOSS Spectra' could be misread as complete all-sky coverage. Consider 'First Two-Hemisphere BOSS Spectra' or clarify that this is the first release combining APO and LCO BOSS data.
  6. [§9.1.1] The use of a pre-release LegacySurvey DR10 catalog (Aug 2022) that differs from the official DR10 over a few tens of bricks should be flagged in the DR20 known-issues summary or targeting documentation, not only in the targeting section.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circular reduction in DR20: release contents are directly checkable, and the deferred BOSS v6_2_1 tracing validation is a correctness risk, not a circular derivation.

full rationale

This is a data-release paper rather than a first-principles derivation, so the main circularity failure modes do not arise. The central claim—that DR20 delivers the first southern-hemisphere BOSS SDSS-V spectra, over 3 million spectra, LVM maps, and 18 value-added catalogs—is a description of publicly accessible data products whose counts and sky coverage can be verified independently at www.sdss.org/dr20. Target selection is anchored to external catalogs (Gaia DR3, eROSITA/eRASS, Legacy Survey DR10, Chandra CSC), not to the release's own outputs. The VACs apply published empirical calibrations (e.g., GPgyro and gyro-interp gyrochronology; Vestergaard & Peterson virial masses) and are explicitly labeled as empirically calibrated rather than derived from first principles. Section 10.1.6's ML reliability classifier is trained on visual inspections and applied to un-inspected spectra; this is a standard extrapolation, not a fitted parameter renamed as a prediction, and it does not feed back into the release-content claim. The one notable gap is Section 4.1: the 'most significant update' to the BOSS pipeline is a new fiber-tracing correction, whose full description and validation are deferred to 'Morrison et al. in prep.' That is an unvalidated premise for the science-readiness of the released spectra and a legitimate correctness concern, but it is not circular—the paper does not define the tracing correction in terms of the released spectral products, nor does it use the deferred paper to derive the release's existence or counts. Self-citations to DR19 and the SDSS-V overview are normal survey documentation and carry no load-bearing uniqueness argument. No equation in the paper reduces to its own input, so no specific circular step can be exhibited.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 4 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim is the existence and content of a data release; most assumptions are domain assumptions about calibration and targeting. No free parameters are fitted in the paper's own derivations. The VACs apply external empirical calibrations and author-chosen thresholds (e.g., eta>3 in §10.2.1, S/N>=3 in §10.1.5), but these do not underpin the release itself.

axioms (4)
  • domain assumption The BOSS v6_2_1 fiber-tracing correction (arc-lamp line correlation) is unbiased across all FPS fields at APO and LCO.
    §4.1 describes the new tracing algorithm as the most significant pipeline update; details deferred to Morrison et al. in prep. Systematic tracing errors would corrupt wavelength solutions for the majority of the released spectra.
  • domain assumption LVM v1.2.0 sky subtraction leaves only isolated, flaggable problems in night-sky line residuals.
    §7.4.1 lists over/under-subtraction of OI 5577/6300/6364 as common, affecting [OI] nebular lines; the release assumes the effect is localized and tracked by QA flags.
  • domain assumption eROSITA optical counterpart catalogs used for SPIDERS targeting are mostly correct.
    §5.1.1 and §9.1.2: targeting relies on working-group-produced cross-identification (Salvato et al. 2025, Kluge et al. 2024); misidentifications would propagate into the scientific labels of ~0.5M BHM sources.
  • domain assumption The experimental Milky Way foreground subtraction for the LVM extragalactic targets (NGC 4945, M33) produces useful DAP products.
    §7.3.1: the procedure is explicitly called 'still experimental', yet its products are released and shown in Fig. 10; if flawed, the extragalactic LVM maps are misleading.

pith-pipeline@v1.3.0-alltime-deepseek · 54750 in / 13547 out tokens · 127345 ms · 2026-08-01T00:37:26.054161+00:00 · methodology

0 comments
read the original abstract

This paper presents the twentieth data release (DR20) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the third data release of its fifth generation (SDSS-V). SDSS-V is a panoptic spectroscopy survey that is mapping the stars, gas, and galaxies through three scientific programs: the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), the Local Volume Mapper (LVM), and the Black Hole Mapper (BHM). DR20 presents the first optical (BOSS) SDSS-V spectra from southern hemisphere for the MWM and BHM surveys; new optical MWM and BHM data from the northern hemisphere are also available, for a total over 3 million spectra of 1.5 million stars and half a million galaxies and quasars, with galactic and extragalactic x-ray targets coordinate with eROSITA DR2. DR20 includes integral field spectroscopy maps from LVM of six targets and 169 tiles, spanning Galactic HII regions, planetary nebulae, and nearby galaxies. Additionally, eighteen value added catalogs are also released with DR20, based on SDSS-V MWM and BHM data, and we present a new LVM visualization tool including an RGB HiPS map as a value added product.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.26149 by Abner Zapata, Adam Moss, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Aida Wofford, Alejandra Z. Lugo-Aranda, Alexander Stone-Martinez, Alexandra Bonkoski, Alex Ji, Alfredo J. Mej\'{i}a-Narv\'{a}ez, Allyson Sheffield, Amaya Sinha, Amelia Stutz, Amir Kalechman, Amrita Singh, Amy L. Rankine, Amy M. Jones, Ana Sof\'{i}a Uzsoy, Anastasiia Plotnikova, Andrea Bracamonte, Andrea Merloni, Andreas A. C. Sander, Andr\'{e}s Almeida, Andrew K. Saydjari, Andrew R. Casey, Andrew Tkachenko, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Anton M. Koekemoer, Ariana Didiano, Arlin Cortes, A. Roman-Lopes, Audrey Hauck, Audrey Oravetz, Axel Schwope, Bella Abigail Sanabria Alonso, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Binod Bhattarai, Boris T. G\"{a}nsicke, Bowen Li, Brian Cherinka, Bruno Dias, C. Alenka Negrete, Carles Badenes, Carlos G. Rom\'{a}n-Z\'{u}\~{n}iga, Carolina Andonie, Catarina Aydar, Catherine Grier, Catherine Zucker, Chad Bender, Chervin Laporte, Christian Moni Bidin, Christian Nitschelm, Collin Dabbieri, Conner Scoresby, Conor Sayres, Consuelo Gonz\'{a}lez \'{A}vila, Daniela Fern\'{a}ndez Rosso, Daniel Oravetz, Dan Long, Dan Maoz, Danny Horta, Dante Garcia, Dante Minniti, David Aguilar, David L. Nidever, David W Hogg, Delvin Demke, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Diogo Souto, Dmitry Bizyaev, Dominika Wylezalek, Donald P. Schneider, Dong-Woo Kim, Elena D'Onghia, Eleonora Zari, Emily J. Griffith, Emma Galligan, Emma Tasso, Esra Bulbul, Ethan Driscoll, Eva K. Grebel, Evelyn J. Johnston, Evgeniya Egorova, Fabian Scheuermann, Facundo P\'{e}rez Paolino, F. Besser, Fernanda Milla Castro, Francesco di Mille, Franz E. Bauer, Gagik Tovmasian, Gail Zasowski, Gautham Adamane Pallathadka, Greique A. Valk, Grisha Zeltyn, Guangquan Zeng, Guilherme Limberg, Guillermo A. Blanc, Guy S. Stringfellow, Hector Javier Ibarra-Medel, Hillary Diane Andales, Igor Chilingarian, Igor Zinchenko, Ilija Medan, Irene Cruz-Gonzalez, Ivan Katkov, Ivan Lacerna, Jaco Brink, Jaime I. Villase\~{n}or, James Aird, James W. Davidson Jr., James W. Johnson, Jamie Tayar, Javier Serna, Jennifer Johnson, Jeremy Darling, J. Hern\'{a}ndez, Jiadong Li, Jianhui Lian, Jichen Zhang, Jingkun Zhao, Jinyoung Serena Kim, J. J. Hermes, Jo Bovy, Joel R. Brownstein, Johanna M\"{u}ller-Horn, John C. Wilson, John Donor, Joleen K. Carlberg, Jonah M. Otto, Jonathan C. Bird, Jonathan C. Tan, Jonathan R. Trump, Jon Holtzman, Jorge K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Jos\'{e} Eduardo M\'{e}ndez Delgado, Jos\'{e} G. Fern\'{a}ndez-Trincado, Joseph Gelfand, Joseph N. Burchett, Jos\'{e} S\'{a}nchez-Gallego, Juan Daniel Gonzalez Ruiz, Julie Imig, Julio Chanam\'{e}, Juna A. Kollmeier, Junqiang Ge, Kaike Pan, Kareem El-Badry, Kathryn Kreckel, Katie Grabowski, Kayvon Sharifi, Keith Hawkins, Keith Horne, Keivan Stassun, Kevin C. Schlaufman, Kevin McKinnon, Knox Long, Leah Peterson, Leslie M. Morales, Lesly Casta\~{n}eda-Carlos, Leticia Carigi, Liam Dubay, Liliana Flores, Lorena Hern\'{a}ndez-Garc\'{i}a, Lucas M. Seaton, Luciano Vargas-Herrera, Luis Daniel Serrano F\'{e}lix, Madeleine McKenzie, Madeline Lucey, Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp, Mara Salvato, Marc Pinsonneault, Maren Cosens, Mariia Demianenko, Marina Kounkel, Mary Kaldor, Maryum Sayeed, Matthias Kluge, Matthias Steinmetz, Maximilian H\"{a}berle, Megan C. Davis, Melissa Ness, Michael Eracleous, Michelle A. Berg, Mirko Krumpe, M. Jordan Raddick, M. Katy Rodriguez Wimberly, M. L. Mart\'{i}nez-Aldama, Mohammed Iddrisu Nlowie, Moire K. M. Prescott, Mojgan Aghakhanloo, Mon\'{i}ca A Villa Durango, Nadia Zakamska, Nadiia Pulatova, Natalie R. Myers, Natalie Ulloa, Natascha Sattler, Nathan De Lee, Niall Deacon, Nicholas Troup, Nicola Pietro Gentile Fusillo, Nimisha Kumari, Niv Drory, \'{O}. Jim\'{e}nez-Arranz, Oleg Egorov, Pablo Garc\'{i}a, Pablo Vera, Paloma Guetzoyan, Paola Rodr\'{i}guez Hidalgo, Patricio Jones, Patrick B. Hall, Paula Jofre, Paula Silva, Paul J. Green, Peter Frinchaboy, Peter J. Smith, Pierre Thibodeaux, Pramod Gupta, Pranavi Hiremath, Priyanka Chakraborty, Qian Yang, Qiaoya Wu, Rachel Lee McClure, Ralf Klessen, Ravi Sankrit, Renbin Yan, Ricardo L\'{o}pez Valdivia, Robert E. Butler, Rodolfo de J. Zerme\~{n}o, Rodrigo Sandoval-Orozco, Roeland P. van der Marel, Sandro Villanova, Sarah Loebman, Sarah Tuttle, Saroon Sasi, Saskia Hekker, Scott F. Anderson, SDSS Collaboration, Sean D. Lam, Sean Morrison, Sebastian Demasi, Sebasti\'{a}n F. S\'{a}nchez, Sebastien Lepine, Serat Mahmud Saad, Sergey Khoperskov, Shannon Neilson, Shir Aviram, Simon C. O. Glover, Sorya Lambert, Stefan Arseneau, Stephanie Monty, Steven Raymond Majewski, Szabolcs M\'{e}sz\'{a}ros, Takamitsu Miyaji, Tawny Sit, Thomas Hilder, Thomas Kupfer, Timothy McQuaid, T. M. Herbst, Tom Dwelly, Tony Wong, Valentina Bonilla Villalobos, Vedant Chandra, William Roster, W. N. Brandt, Xiang-Xiang Xue, Xiaohui Fan, Xin Liu, Xinyu Dai, Yang Huang, Ying-Yi Song, Yuan-Sen Ting, Yuxi (Lucy) Lu, Zachary Stone, Zach Way, Zezhou Zhu, Ziming Peng.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Screenshot of LVMvis showing an observation of the Helix nebula included in the DR20 data release (expnum=4297). The top-left panel shows the sky view with the Digital Sky Survey (R+B) image as background and the hexagonal LVM science IFU footprint overlaid. The top-right panel lists available LVM exposures with their metadata; selections mirrored interactively between the table and the sky view. The botto… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: ) was reorganized to assist in easier navigation of rapidly growing files produced by the pipeline associ￾ated with the large number of fields and products pro￾duced in SDSS-V. The most significant update involves a modification to the fiber tracing algorithm used in the pipeline. In 124 https://sdss-idlspec2d.readthedocs.io/ [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Expansion of BHM BOSS spectra and sky cov￾erage from DR18/19 (upper panel) to DR20 (lower panel). Both panels show the distribution on the sky in (RA, Dec) of SDSS-V/BOSS optical science spectroscopic targets. For comparison, in the upper panel, the small and approximately rectangular equatorial region near RA=9h (blue-green) de￾picts the ∼24k spectra for ∼12k distinct science targets from the 140 sq. deg.… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Redshift and i-band AB magnitude distribution of BHM-RM quasars [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Time sampling and number of epochs for the BHM-RM quasar monitoring spectra released in DR20. calibrated with standard star and sky background spec￾tra, and co-added to achieve a uniform signal-to-noise ratio per epoch. The co-added spectra are usually se￾cured within a single night, but may be spread over a few nights when needed. For DR20, the v6 2 1-reduced spectra are released, in￾cluding RM observatio… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Kiel Diagram of MWM DR20 targets observed by BOSS. Stars with flag bad=False, flag warn=False, and result flags=0 in BossNet have been removed. Top: Kiel diagram colored by the density of DR20 visits. Bottom: Kiel diagram colored by the median [Fe/H] from BossNet. with Gaia astrometry, this program probes the large￾scale structure and kinematics of the young Galactic disk, including the morphology of spira… view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: LVM: Comparison between the scheduled and observed tiles. Figure shows the distribution in the sky of the LVM full scheduled tiles (orange) and currently observed ones, up to November 2025 (blue), in comparison with the distribution of GAIA DR3 stars ( Gaia Collaboration et al. 2021b), that clearly trace the location of the MW disk. range (3600–9800 ˚A) at a resolving power of R ∼ 4000. Each observation co… view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: RGB emission-line maps of the six LVM targets included in DR20, constructed from the [OIII]λ5007 (blue), Hα (green), and [SIII]λ9069 (red) flux maps derived spaxel-by-spaxel by the LVM-DAP. The two large panels show the ex￾tended Galactic Hii region mosaics: the Rosette Nebula (NGC 2237, left), and the Flame Nebula and Horsehead Nebula region (NGC 2024, center) and . The four smaller panels show the remain… view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: RGB emission-line maps of the two Local Vol￾ume (extragalactic) targets included in DR20 (NGC4945 and NGC598), constructed in a similar way as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Comparison between gyrochronology ages ob￾tained from gyro-interp and GPgyro in their applicable regime. The ages agree with each other within uncertainty. ters for a subset of stars targeted by the halo sur￾vey. The MINESweeper code utilizes all available in￾formation about a star—the SDSS-V spectrum, broad￾band photometry from public surveys, and the Gaia parallax—to find the best-matching stellar param… view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Example cluster NGC 2682 color-magnitude diagram from the BOSS-OCCAM VAC showing spectro￾scopically identified members stars (ProbRV > 0.05 and Prob[F e/H] > 0.05) in purple, non-members in light blue, and other non-BOSS observed proper motion members (E. L. Hunt & S. Reffert 2024) in black. to determine membership probabilities and bulk cluster parameters, including positional data, survey IDs, kine￾mati… view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Inference results for the testing set from the BOSS-CLAM pipeline. On all plots, the x-axis shows the true parameters and the y-axis is the BOSS-CLAM param￾eters. The black dashed line is the one-to-one relation. The title for each panel gives the scatter and median absolute deviation between the true and inferred parameters. In all cases, a good agreement is observed between the true and inferred paramet… view at source ↗

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