Inventories of Rich Carbon-Chain Chemistry in Prestellar and Starless Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud

2); (2) National Radio Astronomy Observatory; (3) RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research; (4) Steward Observatory; (5) Centro de Astrobiolog\'ia); Andr\'es Meg\'ias (5); Anissa Pokorny-Yadav (1; Berkeley; Izaskun Jim\'enez-Serra (5) ((1) Department of Astronomy; Judit Ferrer Asensio (3)

REVIEW 3 major objections 4 minor 249 references

Inventories of Rich Carbon-Chain Chemistry in Prestellar and Starless Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud

T0 review · 3 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-08 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read The carbon-chain molecules that seed planetary organics are already assembled in cold prestellar cores, and their abundances decline as cores densify.

desk verdict A useful carbon-chain census of 15 Perseus cores with a transparent pipeline, but the headline CCS–HC3N correlation needs a partial-correlation check before it supports shared chemistry. read the letter →

arxiv 2608.05264 v1 pith:4FRYO2HN submitted 2026-08-05 astro-ph.GA astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

Anissa Pokorny-Yadav (1 , 2) , Samantha Scibelli (2) , Judit Ferrer Asensio (3) , Yancy Shirley (4) , Andrés Megías (5) , Izaskun Jiménez-Serra (5) ((1) Department of Astronomy , University of California

show 6 more authors

Berkeley (2) National Radio Astronomy Observatory (3) RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (4) Steward Observatory University of Arizona (5) Centro de Astrobiología)

This is my paper · ORCID

classification astro-ph.GAastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

keywords astrochemistrycarbon-chainmoleculesprestellarcoresstarlesscyanopolyynessulfur-bearingdeuteriumfractionationPerseusMolecularCloud

verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

By surveying 15 starless and prestellar cores in Perseus with the Yebes 40m telescope, this paper establishes that carbon-chain chemistry is already rich before star formation begins: CS, CCS, CCCS, HC3N, and HC5N are detected in 14–15 of the 15 cores, with HC7N in four. The paper's central claim is that these molecules are most abundant in lower-density, chemically young cores and decline as density increases, so carbon-chain inventories are an early-phase signature rather than a late-stage product. The tight CCS–HC3N correlation (r=0.92) and stable CCS/HC3N ratio from Perseus to Taurus and from prestellar to protostellar stages imply that these two families share a gas-phase formation network. If correct, the reactive organic reservoir that later feeds protoplanetary disks and planetary material is largely assembled before collapse, and its composition is set by density, depletion, and local feedback rather than by later warm chemistry alone.

What carries the argument

The machinery is a dual-family carbon-chain inventory: the C_nS family (CS, CCS, CCCS and isotopologues) and the HC_nN family (HC3N, HC5N, HC7N and isotopologues), extracted from 31.5–50 GHz Yebes 40m spectra. Column densities are derived under LTE by rotation-diagram fits for species with multiple transitions (CCS, CCCS, HC3N, HC5N, HC7N), with a fixed excitation temperature propagated from the reference species CCS or HC3N for the remaining molecules; CS is corrected for optical depth using the 13CS intensity ratio anchored to the interstellar 12C/13C value of 68. The analysis then compares column-density ratios (HC3N/HC5N, CCS/CCCS, CCS/HC3N, CCS/HC5N) across Perseus, Taurus, Serpens South, and protostars, and computes Pearson correlations between abundances and H2 volume density and between CCS and HC3N to infer shared chemistry and evolutionary state.

What would settle it

Map CCS and HC3N emission in cores 326 and 752 with an interferometer and compare with the Herschel dust peaks: if the carbon-chain peaks coincide with the dust peaks rather than being offset to lower-density envelope gas, the claim that abundance declines with core density due to central depletion would be contradicted.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Across 15 Perseus cores, the paper detects the sulfur-bearing chains CS (15/15), CCS (15/15), and CCCS (14/15), and the cyanopolyynes HC3N (15/15), HC5N (14/15), and HC7N (4/15), together with 12 rare isotopologues; core 413 alone yields 32 unique molecular detections while IC 348's core 752 is markedly carbon-chain-poor. The interpretive result is that abundances of CS, CCS, CCCS, HC3N, and HC5N anticorrelate with Herschel-derived H2 volume density, with the clearest trends for CCCS (r=-0.79) and HC5N (r=-0.63), and the HC3N and CCS trends strengthen once the outlier core 752 is removed. The authors read this as chemical evolution: early, lower-density prestellar conditions favor carbon-chain growth, while denser, more evolved cores deplete these molecules onto grains or destroy them via ions and atomic oxygen, so the chains act as 'early-type' tracers. The near-unity CCS/HC3N ratio that persists from Perseus prestellar cores to protostars, and the r=0.92 CCS–HC3N column-density correlation, argue that cyanopolyynes and sulfur chains are formed through linked neutral-neutral pathways fed by the same unsaturated hydrocarbon precursors. Deuterium fractionation DC3N/HC3N (1.8–10.4%) is highest in cold quiescent cores and suppressed in outflow-affected cores, indicating that local feedback alters the deuterium chemistry that would otherwise track density.

Load-bearing premise

The derived abundances assume the molecular gas is thermalized, optically thin, and fills the telescope beam, so if any of those fail, the abundance trends with density could shift.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

Carbon-chain inventories are already established in the prestellar phase, so organic material inherited by protoplanetary disks does not have to be produced later by warm carbon-chain chemistry alone.
Because abundances decline with core density, ratios such as CCS/CCCS or HC3N/HC5N can serve as relative evolutionary clocks for classifying starless cores.
The tight CCS–HC3N correlation means measuring either species gives a good proxy for the other in cold cores, and their joint decline traces the same chemical aging process.
Deuterium fractionation of HC3N is a sensitive probe of both core evolution and local outflow feedback, since the same density trend is broken in outflow-impacted cores.
Systematic differences in HC3N/HC5N and CCS/CCCS ratios between Perseus and Taurus or Serpens indicate that cloud-scale environment, including radiation field and chemical age, sets the chain-length distribution inherited by future planetary systems.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

A testable extension of the density-decline claim: interferometric maps of a dense core such as 326 should show CCS, CCCS, and HC3N emission peaking in a shell or offset clump around the dust continuum rather than at the dust peak.
The CCS–HC3N correlation could act as a cheap chemical clock if calibrated with time-dependent models, since observing many cores at fixed density would test whether the r=0.92 relation encodes age spread.
The tentative single-line detections of rare isotopologues such as DCCCCCN and HCCCCC15N hint at measurable deuterium and 15N fractionation in longer chains, and follow-up observations of additional transitions could turn current upper limits into abundance constraints.
If the LTE and beam-filling assumptions are relaxed, absolute abundances may shift, but the paper's relative trends would survive only if the beam-averaging bias is similar across cores; a non-LTE survey of all six main species once collisional rates exist would directly test this.

Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Desk Editor's Note

read the letter

This is a solid observational census, and the dataset is the main contribution. The authors give the first systematic carbon-chain inventory of these 15 Perseus starless and prestellar cores, with detections of CS, CCS, CCCS, HC3N, DC3N, HC5N, HC7N, and a set of rare isotopologues. The detection pipeline is transparent, tentative detections are flagged, the column density tables are complete, and the reduced spectra are on Dataverse. That is real, reproducible work, and the cloud-to-cloud comparisons with Taurus, Serpens, and protostars are a useful reference.

The paper is also honest about its limitations. It assumes LTE, optically thin emission, and f=1, but cross-checks CCS and HC3N with RADEX and explicitly discusses the excitation temperature caveat for cores with low Tex. The CS abundance correction for optical depth is handled sensibly, with three methods compared. The deuterium fractionation analysis, despite the small sample, does a fair job of separating outflow-affected cores and places the Perseus values in context.

The soft spots are real but not fatal. The density-abundance trends rest on a CH3CHO-selected sample and LTE column densities, so they should be framed as statements about this sample rather than general evolutionary laws. More importantly, the r=0.92 CCS–HC3N correlation in Figure 10 is computed on absolute column densities, not abundances relative to H2. Since N(H2) spans more than an order of magnitude across the cores, a partial correlation controlling for N(H2) is needed before claiming shared chemical pathways. The paper itself hedges this claim, but the conclusions lean on it. A quick robustness check would settle it. Also, the post hoc exclusion of core 752 from several correlations should be reported with and without that core, and the small-N correlations lack confidence intervals.

The paper deserves a serious referee. It is not groundbreaking, but it is a careful, usable dataset that astrochemists studying carbon-chain chemistry and chemical inheritance will want to cite. I would send it to review, with a request for the partial-correlation test and a slightly more cautious framing of the density-driven depletion narrative.

Referee Report

3 major / 4 minor

Summary. This paper presents a Yebes 40m line survey of 15 CH3CHO-bright starless and prestellar cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud, reporting detections of carbon-chain species (CS, CCS, CCCS, HC3N, DC3N, HC5N, HC7N) and their isotopologues. The authors derive LTE column densities via rotation-diagram and fixed-temperature methods, compute fractional abundances relative to Herschel H2 column densities, compare column-density ratios with Taurus, Serpens South, and protostellar sources, examine DC3N/HC3N deuterium fractionation, and evaluate abundance-density and CCS-HC3N correlations. The central interpretive claims are that sulfur-bearing carbon chains and cyanopolyynes are preferentially enhanced in early-prestellar conditions, decline in abundance with increasing core density, and that a tight CCS-HC3N column-density correlation (r=0.92) indicates shared chemical pathways.

Significance. If the conclusions hold, the paper provides a valuable carbon-chain inventory for an understudied star-forming cloud and supports the idea that carbon-chain chemistry is largely set before star formation. The manuscript has several concrete strengths: reduced spectra are publicly available, the detection pipeline is described with explicit sigma and line-width thresholds, the CS optical-depth treatment is carefully cross-compared among LTE, OT-correction, and RADEX methods, and the CCS and HC3N columns are checked against non-LTE calculations. The scientific conclusions, however, depend on correlation analyses that may be partly driven by common scaling with H2 column density, and on LTE assumptions whose systematic uncertainties are not propagated into the main trends. These issues are addressable with additional statistical and sensitivity tests.

major comments (3)

[§4.2, Eq. (7), Figures 8–9] The reported anti-correlations between fractional abundance and volume density are potentially a ratio artifact. In Eq. (7) the abundance is f_X = N_X/N(H2), while the x-axis n(H2) in Figures 8 and 9 is derived from the same Herschel N(H2) measurements listed in Table A1. If n(H2) is approximately proportional to N(H2), then even completely independent N_X values produce a spurious negative trend in f_X versus n(H2) because the same denominator appears on both axes. The authors should report correlations of N_X directly against n(H2) or N(H2), and ideally partial correlations controlling for N(H2), before conclusion (iii) can be considered secure.
[§4.5, Figure 10] The tight CCS-HC3N correlation (r=0.92) is computed on absolute column densities without accounting for the factor >12 range in N(H2) across the sample (0.63–7.88×10^22 cm^-2, Table A1). If both molecules simply scale with total gas column, a high positive r is expected even with entirely independent chemistry; core 326 alone, with the highest N(H2), may dominate the regression. The authors should report a partial correlation controlling for log N(H2), or the correlation between abundance ratios, together with p-values and confidence intervals. The caveat in §4.5 that 'a statistical correlation does not inherently imply a common chemical origin' does not mitigate the fact that conclusion (iv) leans on this r value as evidence for linked formation networks.
[§3.2, Eq. (3), Appendix D] The main abundance trends and ratios rely on LTE, optically thin emission, a filling factor f=1, and fixed excitation temperatures propagated from CCS or HC3N to species with no or very few transitions. Appendix D itself reports that FT column densities vary on average by factors up to 53× for HC7N and 14× for HCC13CCCN when Tex is varied over 5–20 K. The quoted uncertainties in Tables D1–D8 do not include this dominant systematic term. The paper should test whether the correlations in Figures 8–10 and the ratios in Table 2 survive when Tex is varied within a plausible range for all FT-derived species, or at least state quantitatively how much of the observed scatter could be produced by this systematic uncertainty.

minor comments (4)

[Table 1, Figures 6–7] Tentative single-line detections are marked with an asterisk in Table 1, but Figures 6 and 7 plot them with the same symbols as confirmed detections; please distinguish tentative detections in the figures or state explicitly that they are included in the plotted distributions.
[§4.4, Table 2] The comparison of HC5N column densities with Taurus depends on converting the literature values to a common excitation temperature, and the text notes that assuming Tex=6.5 K changes the Perseus HC5N columns by roughly an order of magnitude; this systematic uncertainty should be reflected in the quoted HC3N/HC5N and CCS/HC5N ratios or in the table caption.
[Figure 12] The quoted correlation coefficients r_full=-0.19 and r_excl=0.71 for the deuterium fractionation versus n(H2) are given without p-values or confidence intervals; given the small sample sizes (14 and 11 points), significance levels should be reported.
[§2.2] The pipeline is described as matching lines within 1.5 MHz, but the text subsequently describes a case where a line with an offset of 1.65 MHz was fitted manually; please clarify the exact matching tolerance and how manual fits are incorporated into the detection statistics.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the inventory is derived from observed line intensities with standard LTE reductions, and the interpretive correlations are flagged as statistical rather than forced.

full rationale

The paper's central products are column densities and abundances derived from observed main-beam temperatures via standard LTE radiative transfer (Eqs. 1-6), with rotation-diagram excitation temperatures for CCS and HC3N used as fixed-Tex inputs for related isotopologues. Those Tex values are calibration parameters, not outputs that predetermine the reported source-to-source trends; the paper explicitly cross-checks CCS and HC3N against non-LTE RADEX and states that the general abundance trends remain consistent. The claimed abundance-density and CCS-HC3N correlations are observational statistics on the derived columns, not quantities fitted from the same data, and the authors caution that 'a statistical correlation does not inherently imply a common chemical origin,' so the interpretation is presented as suggestive rather than forced. Self-citations (Scibelli et al. 2024 for sample selection and H2 columns; Megias et al. 2023 for reduction scripts; Jimenez-Serra et al. 2021 and Megias et al. 2023 for prior interpretations) are provenance or supporting context, not uniqueness theorems or ansatz-carrying authority. Comparisons with Taurus, Serpens, and protostellar sources from independent surveys anchor the column-density-ratio results externally. The LTE/optically-thin/filling-factor assumptions and the possible shared-N(H2) coupling in abundance-density plots are real robustness caveats, but they do not make any derived quantity equal to its input by construction. Hence no circular step is present.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 6 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The paper's central results are empirical column densities and abundances derived by applying standard LTE radiative transfer to observed line intensities. The main unverified inputs are the LTE/optically-thin approximation, a filling factor of unity, fixed excitation temperatures propagated from reference species, an assumed ISM 12C/13C ratio for CS, and Herschel-based H2 densities. No new physical entities are introduced. The interpretation that Perseus cores are carbon-chain rich also assumes, without direct support, that the CH3CHO-selected sample is representative.

free parameters (3)

Rotation-diagram excitation temperature Tex for reference species CCS, HC3N, HC5N, HC7N = CCS 4.05-7.11 K; HC3N 3.41-13.84 K; HC5N 9.26-18.15 K; HC7N 7.97-14 K
Tex is derived from least-squares fits to ln(Nu/gu) versus Eu (e.g., Figure 4) and then used in Equation 4 to convert line intensities into total column densities. It is also propagated as the fixed excitation temperature for other species in the same family.
Fixed excitation temperature adopted for FT-method species = Tex from CCS for C_nS species; Tex from HC3N for HC_nN species; per-core values as in Tables D1-D8
Isotopologues and species with insufficient transitions or narrow Eu ranges use the FT method with a reference Tex. Appendix D shows column densities vary by factors of 1.4x to 53x when Tex is varied from 5 to 20 K, so this parameter materially affects the derived abundances.
Filling factor f = 1
Equation 3 includes a filling factor, and the paper assumes f=1 even though the beam (37-57 arcsec) is larger than the core size (22-25 arcsec). If the source does not fill the beam, column densities would need upward correction.

assumptions (6)

domain assumption All detected transitions are in LTE, optically thin, and described by a single excitation temperature, except for an explicit optical-depth correction for CS.
Used for the rotation diagram and fixed-temperature column density calculations in Section 3.2. RADEX cross-checks support optically thin CCS and HC3N but introduce collisional-rate uncertainties, and most molecules lack rate coefficients.
domain assumption The emission fills the telescope beam, so f=1 and the observed main-beam temperature represents the whole core.
Section 3.2 states the beam is 1.5-2.6 times larger than the source and adopts f=1 consistent with prior cold-core COM studies. This affects all absolute column densities and abundances.
domain assumption The ISM 12C/13C ratio is 68 for the CS optical-depth correction.
Equations 5 and 6 in Section 3.2 and Appendix C use the fixed ISM ratio to convert CS/13CS intensity ratios into optical depth. The paper's uncorrected ratios are lower, so the correction is calibrated to this external value rather than measured locally.
domain assumption Herschel-derived H2 column and volume densities from Pezzuto et al. (2021), adopted through Scibelli et al. (2024), are accurate for the beam.
Equation 7 computes fractional abundances relative to N(H2), and n(H2) drives the density correlations in Figures 8, 9, and 12. A 20% error is assumed, but systematic H2 errors propagate directly into all abundance comparisons.
domain assumption Splatalogue/JPL rest frequencies and laboratory line parameters for the assigned transitions are correct.
Line identification in Section 2.2 matches observed lines to Splatalogue transitions within 1.5 MHz. A systematic frequency or assignment error would create false detections, especially for single-line tentative detections.
ad hoc to paper The 15 CH3CHO-bright cores are representative of Perseus starless and prestellar cores.
The sample was selected as the subset of a 35-core survey that was bright in CH3CHO (Section 2.1). Generalizing detection statistics, abundance spreads, and cloud-to-cloud comparisons to all Perseus cores assumes representativeness without an unbiased sample.

how reviews work

0 comments

Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Inventories of Rich Carbon-Chain Chemistry in Prestellar and Starless Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/4FRYO2HN

@misc{pith2026260805264,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Inventories of Rich Carbon-Chain Chemistry in Prestellar and Starless Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/4FRYO2HN}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2608.05264}
}

abstract

Carbon-chain molecules serve as an important reservoir of reactive organic matter that will eventually be incorporated into protoplanetary disks, planets, and cometary material. Prestellar and starless cores are composed of cold (~ 10 K) and dense (~ 10$^5$ cm$^{-3}$) clumps of gas and dust within molecular clouds, and are nurseries for low-mass stars and planetary systems. Surveys of starless cores have focused on the study of complex organic molecules, COMs, whereas observations of carbon-chains in starless cores are limited. We analyze the carbon-chain inventories of 15 prestellar and starless cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud. Using Yebes 40m single-dish observations, we detect CS, CCS, CCCS, HC$_3$N, DC$_3$N, and HC$_5$N in at least 10/15 cores and HC$_7$N in 4/15 cores. Our study also finds related isotopologues, where $^{13}$CS, C$^{34}$S, C$^{13}$CS, CC$^{34}$S, H$^{13}$CCCN, HC$^{13}$CCN, HCC$^{13}$CN, HC$^{13}$CCCCN, HCC$^{13}$CCCN, HCCC$^{13}$CCN, HCCCCC$^{15}$N, and DCCCCCN are detected. We report detection statistics, compare column density ratios with Taurus, Serpens, and protostar sources, examine DC$_3$N/HC$_3$N deuterium fractionation, and investigate the relative abundances and correlations between cyanopolyyne (HC$_n$N) and sulfur-bearing (C$_n$S) carbon-chains. The diverse suite of species detected reveals the richness of carbon-chain chemistry in Perseus and illustrates how local environmental conditions, such as density, temperature, and proximity to protostellar activity, shape each core's molecular inventory and relative evolutionary phase. Our findings provide a glimpse into the carbon-chain reservoir of starless and prestellar cores in the Perseus, which may ultimately be inherited by emerging protoplanetary disks and later integrated into planetary systems and biologically relevant material.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2608.05264 by the authors.

**Figure 1.** Herschel H2 column density map (Sadavoy et al. 2012) of Perseus starless and prestellar cores. Labeled in magenta are the locations and names of the 15 starless and prestellar cores analyzed. The star-forming regions within Perseus are denoted in black. Python-based scripts1 developed by Megías et al. (2023). To combine spectra, the scripts employ the CLASS program of the GILDAS package (Pety 2005; Gildas Team 2013… view at source ↗

**Figure 2.** Diagnostic plots of CCS (N=2-1, J=3-2). The Gaussian fit detected in all 15 cores produced by our data pipeline, using Pyspeckit (Ginsburg & Mirocha 2011; Ginsburg et al. 2022), is shown in lime green. The intensity of core 752 has been magnified by 20× for visual and comparison purposes. Perseus cores exceed 0.3 km s−1 , broader than those observed in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (∼ 0.1 – 0.2 km s−1 ). We therefore a… view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Yebes 40m spectrum of core 413 with carbon-chain detections focused on in this study labeled in color, and the remaining line detections denoted in black. Other bright lines seen in this data are not attributed to any energetically favorable molecular transitions. MNRAS 000, 1–25 (2026) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗

Figures from the paper (8 more)

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: Rotation Diagram for HC5N transitions in core 413. The 7 observed transitions of HC5N are marked in gold, and the best-fit line with its 1𝜎 uncertainty range is indicated by solid and dashed turquoise lines, respectively. The excitation temperature Tex is derived by th…

**Figure 5.** Figure 5: Comparisons between fixed temperature FT and optical thick (OT) correction factor methods for estimating the fractional abundance of CS, with respect to H2. Black hatched bars for CS represent the corrected abundance values (via OT correction factor) to account for CS …

**Figure 6.** Figure 6: Observed fractional abundances relative to H2 for all C𝑛S and HC𝑛N species and their isotopologues. Each core is represented by a different color and symbol. Upper limits are indicated by the faded symbols. Errors were removed in order to prioritize clarity in the figu…

**Figure 7.** Figure 7: Violin plot of observed fractional abundances relative to H2. The width of each violin represents the distribution density of data points at a given abundance, while the height spans the full range of observed values. The horizontal black line in each violin indicates …

**Figure 8.** Figure 8: Comparison of C𝑛S abundances with respect to the mean H2 volume density, n(H2), in units of cm−3 . The Pearson rank correlation coefficient ‘𝑟’ is calculated for each species in the C𝑛S family. The ‘𝑟’ coefficient is calculated both for detections, 𝑟detect, and the ful…

**Figure 10.** Figure 10: Comparison of HC3N and CCS column densities, in which we calculate the Pearson rank correlation coefficient ‘𝑟’ between these two species. HC3N and CCS column density errors range between 0.3-13% and 12.2- 29.7%, respectively. 10 12 10 13 N(HC3N) [cm 2 ] 10 10 10 11 …

**Figure 11.** Figure 11: Comparison of HC3N and HC5N column densities, in which we calculate the Pearson rank correlation coefficient ‘𝑟’ between these two species. HC3N and HC5N column density errors range between 0.3-13% and 3.5-31.7%, respectively. gests that local physical conditions and …

**Figure 12.** Figure 12: Comparison of deuterium fractionation (DC3N/HC3N) to the average 𝐻2 volume density, n(𝐻2), for each of the cores in our sample, except core 752, where DC3N was not detected. The Pearson rank correlation coefficient 𝑟full = −0.19 for the full sample of cores. However, …

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

249 extracted references · 53 canonical work pages

[1]

Millimeter Wave Spectroscopy of Unstable Molecular Species. I. Carbon Monosulfide. , year = 1963, month = dec, volume =. doi:10.1063/1.1734116 , adsurl =

work page doi:10.1063/1.1734116 1963
[2]

2026 , publisher =

Cataldi, Gianni , title =. 2026 , publisher =. doi:10.21105/joss.09233 , url =

work page doi:10.21105/joss.09233 2026
[3]

and Wakelam, V

Aikawa, Y. and Wakelam, V. and Hersant, F. and Garrod, R. T. and Herbst, E. , year =. FROM PRESTELLAR TO PROTOSTELLAR CORES. II. TIME DEPENDENCE AND DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/40 , number =

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/40
[4]

Exo-/Astro-Biology , year = 2001, editor =

Laboratory studies on the formation of CN containing molecules in the atmosphere of Titan and prebiotic Earth. Exo-/Astro-Biology , year = 2001, editor =

2001
[5]

and López-Sepulcre, A

Taquet, V. and López-Sepulcre, A. and Ceccarelli, C. and Neri, R. and Kahane, C. and Coutens, A. and Vastel, C. , year =. WATER DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION IN THE INNER REGIONS OF TWO SOLAR-TYPE PROTOSTARS , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/768/2/l29 , number =

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/768/2/l29
[6]

and Marcelino, N

Cernicharo, J. and Marcelino, N. and Agúndez, M. and Bermúdez, C. and Cabezas, C. and Tercero, B. and Pardo, J. R. , year =. Discovery of HC4NC in TMC-1: A study of the isomers of HC3N, HC5N, and HC7N , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039274 , journal =

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039274
[7]

and Asvany, O

Balucani, N. and Asvany, O. and Huang, L. C. L. and Lee, Y. T. and Kaiser, R. I. and Osamura, Y. and Bettinger, H. F. , year =. Formation of Nitriles in the Interstellar Medium via Reactions of Cyano Radicals, CN(X 2Σ+), with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/317848 , number =

doi:10.1086/317848
[8]

A comprehensive study of the gas-phase formation network of HC5N: theory, experiments, observations, and models , volume =

Giani, Lisa and Bianchi, Eleonora and Fournier, Martin and Cheikh Sid Ely, Sidaty and Ceccarelli, Cecilia and Rosi, Marzio and Guillemin, Jean-Claude and Sims, Ian R and Balucani, Nadia , year =. A comprehensive study of the gas-phase formation network of HC5N: theory, experiments, observations, and models , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronom...

doi:10.1093/mnras/staf189

Show all 249 references

[9]

, keywords =

The gas-phase chemistry of carbon chains in dark cloud chemical models. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1956 , archivePrefix =. 1311.3865 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[10]

and Bovino, S

Redaelli, E. and Bovino, S. and Sabatini, G. and Arzoumanian, D. and Padovani, M. and Caselli, P. and Wyrowski, F. and Pineda, J. E. and Latrille, G. , year =. Cosmic-ray ionisation rate in low-mass cores: The role of the environment , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453198...

doi
[11]

and Queffelec, Jean-Louis and Travers, Daniel and Rowe, Bertrand R

Sims, Ian R. and Queffelec, Jean-Louis and Travers, Daniel and Rowe, Bertrand R. and Herbert, Lee B. and Karth\". Rate constants for the reactions of CN with hydrocarbons at low and ultra-low temperatures , volume =. Chemical Physics Letters , publisher =. 1993 , month = Aug, ...

1993 doi
[12]

and Pérez-Rodríguez, M

Vidal-Vidal, A. and Pérez-Rodríguez, M. and Piñeiro, M.M. , year =. Computational study of the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulphide: Thermodynamics and kinetic constants estimation using ab initio calculations , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.jct.2017.03.003 , journal =

doi
[13]

Warm Carbon-Chain Chemistry , volume =

Sakai, Nami and Yamamoto, Satoshi , year =. Warm Carbon-Chain Chemistry , volume =. Chemical Reviews , publisher =. doi:10.1021/cr4001308 , number =

doi
[14]

HD depletion in starless cores , volume =

Sipil\". HD depletion in starless cores , volume =. 2013 , month = june, pages =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220922 , journal =

2013 doi
[15]

, keywords =

Detection of Intense Unidentified Lines in TMC-1. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/184922 , adsurl =

doi
[16]

, keywords =

Laboratory Detection and Astronomical Identification of a New Free Radical, CCS( 3 Sigma -). , keywords =. doi:10.1086/184923 , adsurl =

doi
[17]

and Langer, W

Willacy, K. and Langer, W. D. and Velusamy, T. , year =. Dust Emission and Molecular Depletion in L1498 , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/311695 , number =

doi
[18]

, keywords =

Precise Observations of the ^ 12 C/ ^ 13 C Ratios of HC _ 3 N in the Low-mass Star-forming Region L1527. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/291 , archivePrefix =. 1610.02793 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[19]

, keywords =

^ 13 C Isotopic Fractionation of HC _ 3 N in Two Starless Cores: L1521B and L134N (L183). , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa82ba , archivePrefix =. 1707.08267 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[20]

, keywords =

Doubly substituted isotopologues of Hcccn in TMC-1: Detection of D ^ 13 CCCN, DC ^ 13 CCN, DCC ^ 13 CN, DCCC ^ 15 N, H ^ 13 C ^ 13 CCN, H ^ 13 CC ^ 13 CN, HC ^ 13 C ^ 13 CN, HCC ^ 13 C ^ 15 N, and HC ^ 13 CC ^ 15 N. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348929 , archivePrefix...

arXiv
[21]

Physical Review , year = 1955, month = jun, volume =

Microwave Spectrum of Carbon Monsulfide. Physical Review , year = 1955, month = jun, volume =. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.98.1837 , adsurl =

1955 doi
[22]

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , year = 1982, month = sep, volume =

Millimeter and submillimeter wave spectrum of CS ^ 1 in high vibrational states: Isotopic dependence of Dunham coefficients. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , year = 1982, month = sep, volume =. doi:10.1016/0022-2852(82)90234-X , adsurl =

1982 doi
[23]

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , year = 1968, month = oct, volume =

The dipole moment of carbon monosulfide. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , year = 1968, month = oct, volume =. doi:10.1016/0022-2852(68)90011-8 , adsurl =

1968 doi
[24]

, keywords =

Rotational Spectrum of the CCS Radical Studied by Laboratory Microwave Spectroscopy and Radio-astronomical Observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/169197 , adsurl =

doi
[25]

, keywords =

Laboratory Detection of a New Carbon-Chain Molecule C 3S and Its Astronomical Identification. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/184924 , adsurl =

doi
[27]

Zeitschrift Naturforschung Teil A , year = 1996, month = feb, volume =

Intensities and Widths of the Rovibrational Lines Observed in the 2 _ 5 Overtone Band of Cyanoacetylene. Zeitschrift Naturforschung Teil A , year = 1996, month = feb, volume =. doi:10.1515/zna-1996-1-206 , adsurl =

1996 doi
[28]

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , year = 1976, month = aug, volume =

The microwave spectrum, substitution structure and dipole moment of cyanobutadiyne, HCCCCCN. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , year = 1976, month = aug, volume =. doi:10.1016/0022-2852(76)90347-7 , adsurl =

1976 doi
[29]

, keywords =

Observations of HC5N and HC7N in SGR B2 and Cloud 2. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/192.4.651 , adsurl =

doi
[30]

, keywords =

A molecular line study of the elongated daark dust cloud TMC 1. , keywords =
[31]

, keywords =

The relative distribution of NH3, HC7N and C4H in the Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC 1). , keywords =
[32]

, keywords =

Observations of NH3, HC5N and HC7N toward AFGL 2688. , keywords =
[33]

, keywords =

The Photodissociation and Chemistry of Interstellar CO. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/166877 , adsurl =

doi
[34]

, year =

Kim, Shinyoung and Lee, Chang Won and Gopinathan, Maheswar and Tafalla, Mario and Sohn, Jungjoo and Kim, Gwanjeong and Kim, Mi-Ryang and Soam, Archana and Myers, Philip C. , year =. CS Depletion in Prestellar Cores , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.38...

doi
[35]

New ratecoefficients of CS in collision with para- and ortho-H2 and astrophysical implications , volume =

Denis-Alpizar, Otoniel and Stoecklin, Thierry and Guilloteau, Stéphane and Dutrey, Anne , year =. New ratecoefficients of CS in collision with para- and ortho-H2 and astrophysical implications , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10....

doi
[36]

, keywords =

Collisional excitation of HC _ 3 N by para- and ortho-H _ 2. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1156 , archivePrefix =. 1605.03786 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[37]

and Lique, F

Godard Palluet, A. and Lique, F. , year =. Fine-structure excitation of CCS by He: Potential energy surface and scattering calculations , volume =. The Journal of Chemical Physics , publisher =. doi:10.1063/5.0138470 , number =

doi
[38]

, keywords =

An atomic and molecular database for analysis of submillimetre line observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041729 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0411110 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[39]

and Scibelli, S

Ferrer Asensio, J. and Scibelli, S. and Steffes, L. and Kulterer, B. and Pokorny-Yadav, A. and Shirley, Y. and Megías, A. and Jiménez-Serra, I. and Taillard, A. , keywords =. c-C3H2 deuteration towards prestellar and starless cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud , publisher =....

2026 doi
[40]

, keywords =

The Complex Organic Molecular Content in the L1498 Starless Core. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac024c , archivePrefix =. 2105.08363 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[41]

, keywords =

New HC7N cloudlets in Taurus. , keywords =
[43]

Science , keywords =

Detection of the aromatic molecule benzonitrile (c-C _ 6 H _ 5 CN) in the interstellar medium. Science , keywords =. doi:10.1126/science.aao4890 , archivePrefix =. 1801.04228 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[44]

and Caselli, Paola , year =

Laas, Jacob C. and Caselli, Paola , year =. Modeling sulfur depletion in interstellar clouds , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834446 , journal =

doi
[45]

PySpecKit: Python Spectroscopic Toolkit
[46]

, keywords =

Q-band line survey observations toward a carbon-chain-rich clump in the Serpens South region. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/psae088 , archivePrefix =. 2409.16492 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[47]

and McGuire, Brett A

McCarthy, Michael C. and McGuire, Brett A. , year =. Aromatics and Cyclic Molecules in Molecular Clouds: A New Dimension of Interstellar Organic Chemistry , volume =. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A , publisher =. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00129 , number =

doi
[49]

Law, Charles J. and \". Carbon Chain Molecules toward Embedded Low-mass Protostars∗ , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. 2018 , month = aug, pages =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacf9d , number =

2018 doi
[50]

Can Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine Be Formed from HC3N and H2NCO+ in Interstellar Space? , volume =

Choe, Joong Chul , year =. Can Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine Be Formed from HC3N and H2NCO+ in Interstellar Space? , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfd34 , number =

doi
[52]

Chemical and physical evolution of dark clouds Molecular spectral line survey toward TMC-1 , volume =

Ohishi, Masatoshi and Kaifu, Norio , year =. Chemical and physical evolution of dark clouds Molecular spectral line survey toward TMC-1 , volume =. doi:10.1039/a801058g , journal =

doi
[53]

, year = 1973, month = oct, volume =

The Formation and Depletion of Molecules in Dense Interstellar Clouds. , year = 1973, month = oct, volume =. doi:10.1086/152436 , adsurl =

1973 doi
[55]

and Herbst, Eric and Garrod, Robin T

Hassel, George E. and Herbst, Eric and Garrod, Robin T. , year =. Modeling the Lukewarm Corino Phase: Is L1527 Unique? , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/588185 , number =

doi
[56]

and Zhang, Ziwei E

Yang, Yao-Lun and Sakai, Nami and Zhang, Yichen and Murillo, Nadia M. and Zhang, Ziwei E. and Higuchi, Aya E. and Zeng, Shaoshan and López-Sepulcre, Ana and Yamamoto, Satoshi and Lefloch, Bertrand and Bouvier, Mathilde and Ceccarelli, Cecilia and Hirota, Tomoya and Imai, Munea...
[57]

and Maury, A

Belloche, A. and Maury, A. J. and Maret, S. and Anderl, S. and Bacmann, A. and André, Ph. and Bontemps, S. and Cabrit, S. and Codella, C. and Gaudel, M. and Gueth, F. and Lefèvre, C. and Lefloch, B. and Podio, L. and Testi, L. , year =. Questioning the spatial origin of comple...

doi
[58]

Little, L. T. and Riley, P. W. and Matheson, D. N. , year =. Detection of the Formula transition of interstellar cyanodiacetylene , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/181.1.33p , number =

doi
[59]

Broten, N. W. and Oka, T. and Avery, L. W. and MacLeod, J. M. and Kroto, H. W. , year =. The detection of HC9N in interstellar space , volume =. doi:10.1086/182739 , journal =

doi
[60]

Kroto, H. W. and Kirby, C. and Walton, D. R. M. and Avery, L. W. and Broten, N. W. and MacLeod, J. M. and Oka, T. , year =. The detection of cyanohexatriyne in Heiles’s cloud 2. , volume =. doi:10.1086/182623 , journal =

doi
[62]

and Sipőcz, Brigitta M

Ginsburg, Adam and Sokolov, Vlas and de Val-Borro, Miguel and Rosolowsky, Erik and Pineda, Jaime E. and Sipőcz, Brigitta M. and Henshaw, Jonathan D. , year =. Pyspeckit: A Spectroscopic Analysis and Plotting Package , volume =. The Astronomical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.38...

doi
[63]

, keywords =

The complex organic molecular content in the L1517B starless core. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3449 , archivePrefix =. 2211.16119 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[64]

, keywords =

Population Diagram Analysis of Molecular Line Emission. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/307195 , adsurl =

doi
[65]

, keywords =

Survey of complex organic molecules in starless and pre-stellar cores in the Perseus molecular cloud. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2017 , archivePrefix =. 2408.11613 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[66]

, keywords =

Carbon-chain chemistry in the interstellar medium. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s10509-024-04292-9 , archivePrefix =. 2303.15769 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[67]

and Caselli, Paola and Myers, Philip C

Benson, Priscilla J. and Caselli, Paola and Myers, Philip C. , year =. Dense Cores in Dark Clouds. XI. A Survey for N2H+, C3H2, and CCS , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/306276 , number =

doi
[68]

and Okabe, Hideo , year =

Seki, Kanekazu and Yagi, Mikio and He, Maoqi and Halpern, Joshua B. and Okabe, Hideo , year =. Reaction rates of the CN radical with diacetylene and dicyanoacetylene , volume =. Chemical Physics Letters , publisher =. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(96)00697-5 , number =

doi
[69]

, keywords =

Observations of \^(13)C isotopomers of HC\_(3)N and HC\_(5)N in TMC-1: evidence for isotopic fractionation. , keywords =
[70]

Deuterium fractionation in cold dense cores in the low-mass star-forming region L1688 , volume =

Petrashkevich, I V and Punanova, A F and Caselli, P and Sipil\". Deuterium fractionation in cold dense cores in the low-mass star-forming region L1688 , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. 2024 , month = jan, pages =. doi:10.1093/mnras/st...

2024 doi
[71]

and Caselli, P

Crapsi, A. and Caselli, P. and Walmsley, C. M. and Myers, P. C. and Tafalla, M. and Lee, C. W. and Bourke, T. L. , year =. Probing the Evolutionary Status of Starless Cores through N2H+and N2D+Observations , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/426472...

doi
[72]

Production Pathways of CCS and CCCS Inferred from Their13C Isotopic Species , volume =

Sakai, Nami and Ikeda, Masafumi and Morita, Masaru and Sakai, Takeshi and Takano, Shuro and Osamura, Yoshihiro and Yamamoto, Satoshi , year =. Production Pathways of CCS and CCCS Inferred from Their13C Isotopic Species , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:1...

doi
[73]

and Osamura, Y

Yamada, M. and Osamura, Y. and Kaiser, R. I. , year =. A comprehensive investigation on the formation of organo-sulfur molecules in dark clouds via neutral-neutral reactions , volume =. Astronomy & Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021328 , number =

doi
[74]

Bergin, E. A. and Langer, W. D. , year =. Chemical Evolution in Preprotostellar and Protostellar Cores , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/304510 , number =

doi
[75]

Zeitschrift Naturforschung Teil A , year = 1995, month = dec, volume =

Sub-millimeter Wave Spectra of Cyanoacetylene and Revised Ground State Constants. Zeitschrift Naturforschung Teil A , year = 1995, month = dec, volume =. doi:10.1515/zna-1995-1222 , adsurl =

1995 doi
[76]

Lafferty, W. J. and Lovas, F. J. , year =. Microwave spectra of molecules of astrophysical interest XIII. Cyanoacetylene , volume =. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data , publisher =. doi:10.1063/1.555575 , number =

doi
[77]

, keywords =

Complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: IRAM 30 m line survey of Sagittarius B2(N) and (M). , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321096 , archivePrefix =. 1308.5062 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[78]

and Sipil\"

Caselli, Paola and Pineda, Jaime E. and Sipil\". The Central 1000 au of a Prestellar Core Revealed with ALMA. II. Almost Complete Freeze-out , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. 2022 , month = apr, pages =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac5913 , number =

2022 doi
[80]

, keywords =

The Mass Distribution and Lifetime of Prestellar Cores in Perseus, Serpens, and Ophiuchus. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/589963 , archivePrefix =. 0805.1075 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[81]

, keywords =

An Ammonia Spectral Atlas of Dense Cores in Perseus. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/524299 , archivePrefix =. 0711.0231 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[82]

, year = 2007, volume =

online RADEX. , year = 2007, volume =

2007
[83]

, keywords =

Herschel observations of a potential core-forming clump: Perseus B1-E. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117934 , archivePrefix =. 1111.7021 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[84]

, keywords =

The Green Bank Ammonia Survey: First Results of NH _ 3 Mapping of the Gould Belt. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6d58 , archivePrefix =. 1704.06318 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[85]

, keywords =

The spatial distribution of an aromatic molecule, C _ 6 H _ 5 CN, in the cold dark cloud TMC-1. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346722 , archivePrefix =. 2305.15315 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[86]

, keywords =

Widespread SiO Emission in NGC 1333. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/311581 , adsurl =

doi
[87]

Survey Data

A 8.8--50GHz Complete Spectral Line Survey toward TMC-1 I. Survey Data. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/56.1.69 , adsurl =

doi
[88]

An Ammonia Spectral Map of the L1495-B218 Filaments in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. II. CCS and HC _ 7 N Chemistry and Three Modes of Star Formation in the Filaments. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf887 , archivePrefix =. 1812.06121 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[89]

An Ammonia Spectral Map of the L1495-B218 Filaments in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. I. Physical Properties of Filaments and Dense Cores. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/185 , archivePrefix =. 1503.05179 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[90]

SF2A-2005: Semaine de l'Astrophysique Francaise , year = 2005, editor =

Successes of and Challenges to GILDAS, a State-of-the-Art Radioastronomy Toolkit. SF2A-2005: Semaine de l'Astrophysique Francaise , year = 2005, editor =

2005
[91]

GILDAS: Grenoble Image and Line Data Analysis Software
[92]

, keywords =

Yebes 40 m radio telescope and the broad band Nanocosmos receivers at 7 mm and 3 mm for line surveys. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038701 , archivePrefix =. 2010.16224 , primaryClass =

2010
[93]

, keywords =

Physical properties of the ambient medium and of dense cores in the Perseus star-forming region derived from Herschel Gould Belt Survey observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936534 , archivePrefix =. 2010.00006 , primaryClass =

2010
[94]

Protostars and Planets VII , year = 2023, editor =

Organic Chemistry in the First Phases of Solar-Type Protostars. Protostars and Planets VII , year = 2023, editor =

2023
[95]

Ladd, E. F. and Myers, P. C. and Goodman, A. A. , year =. Dense cores in dark clouds. 10: Ammonia emission in the Perseus molecular cloud complex , volume =. doi:10.1086/174629 , journal =

doi
[96]

and Belloche, Arnaud and Garrod, Robin T

Jørgensen, Jes K. and Belloche, Arnaud and Garrod, Robin T. , year =. Astrochemistry During the Formation of Stars , volume =. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021927 , number =

doi
[97]

Protostars and Planets VI , year = 2014, editor =

Deuterium Fractionation: The Ariadne's Thread from the Precollapse Phase to Meteorites and Comets Today. Protostars and Planets VI , year = 2014, editor =. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816531240-ch037 , archivePrefix =. 1403.7143 , primaryClass =

2014 arXiv
[98]

, keywords =

A survey of deuterated ammonia in the Cepheus star-forming region L1251. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2084 , archivePrefix =. 2207.10718 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[99]

, keywords =

First Detections of PN, PO, and PO ^ + toward a Shocked Low-mass Starless Core. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/add344 , archivePrefix =. 2504.17849 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[100]

, keywords =

Nascent chemical complexity in the prestellar core IRAS 16293E: Complex organics and deuterated methanol. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202553696 , archivePrefix =. 2508.04762 , primaryClass =
[101]

and Caselli, Paola and Ferrer Asensio, Judit and Kulterer, Beatrice and Spezzano, Silvia and Lin, Yuxin and Shirley, Yancy , keywords =

Scibelli, Samantha and Drozdovskaya, Maria N. and Caselli, Paola and Ferrer Asensio, Judit and Kulterer, Beatrice and Spezzano, Silvia and Lin, Yuxin and Shirley, Yancy , keywords =. Nascent chemical complexity in prestellar core IRAS 16293E: complex organics and deuterated me...

2025 doi
[102]

and Santiago-García, J

Tafalla, M. and Santiago-García, J. and Hacar, A. and Bachiller, R. , year =. A molecular survey of outflow gas: velocity-dependent shock chemistry and the peculiar composition of the EHV gas , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015158 , journal =

doi
[103]

and Bayet, Estelle and Crocker, Alison and Topal, Sel

Davis, Timothy A. and Bayet, Estelle and Crocker, Alison and Topal, Sel. ISM chemistry in metal-rich environments: molecular tracers of metallicity , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. 2013 , month = jun, pages =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt84...

2013 doi
[104]

Deuterated molecules as a probe of ionization fraction in dense interstellar clouds , volume =

Caselli, P , year =. Deuterated molecules as a probe of ionization fraction in dense interstellar clouds , volume =. Planetary and Space Science , publisher =. doi:10.1016/s0032-0633(02)00074-0 , number =

doi
[105]

Walmsley, C. M. and Flower, D. R. and G. Pineau des For\^ets , year =. Complete depletion in prestellar cores , volume =. Astronomy & Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035718 , number =

doi
[106]

and Lis, D

Roueff, E. and Lis, D. C. and van der Tak, F. F. S. and Gerin, M. and Goldsmith, P. F. , year =. Interstellar deuterated ammonia: from NH3 to ND3 , volume =. Astronomy & Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052724 , number =

doi
[107]

, keywords =

The jet-driven molecular outflow of HH 211. , keywords =
[108]

and Charnley, Steven B

Cordiner, Martin A. and Charnley, Steven B. and Wirstr\". ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF LOW-MASS STAR-FORMING CORES. I. 7 mm SPECTROSCOPY OF CHAMAELEON MMS1 , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. 2011 , month = dec, pages =. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/744/2/131 , number =

2011 doi
[109]

Detection of HCO[FORMULA][F][SUP]+[/SUP][INF]2[/INF][/F][/FORMULA] toward the Low-Mass Protostar IRAS 04368+2557 in L1527 , volume =

Sakai, Nami and Sakai, Takeshi and Aikawa, Yuri and Yamamoto, Satoshi , year =. Detection of HCO[FORMULA][F][SUP]+[/SUP][INF]2[/INF][/F][/FORMULA] toward the Low-Mass Protostar IRAS 04368+2557 in L1527 , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/533463 , number =

doi
[110]

DISTRIBUTIONS OF CARBON-CHAIN MOLECULES IN L1527 , volume =

Sakai, Nami and Sakai, Takeshi and Hirota, Tomoya and Yamamoto, Satoshi , year =. DISTRIBUTIONS OF CARBON-CHAIN MOLECULES IN L1527 , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/722/2/1633 , number =

doi
[111]

Howe, D. A. and Millar, T. J. and Schilke, P. and Walmsley, C. M. , year =. Observations of deuterated cyanoacetylene in dark clouds , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/267.1.59 , number =

doi
[112]

Chemical Timescale of Dark Cloud Cores Estimated from Deuterium Fractionation , volume =

Saito, Shuji and Aikawa, Yuri and Herbst, Eric and Ohishi, Masatoshi and Hirota, Tomoya and Yamamoto, Satoshi and Kaifu, Norio , year =. Chemical Timescale of Dark Cloud Cores Estimated from Deuterium Fractionation , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.10...

doi
[113]

Turner, B. E. , year =. Deuterated Molecules in Translucent and Dark Clouds , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , publisher =. doi:10.1086/322536 , number =

doi
[114]

DEUTERATED MOLECULES IN WARM CARBON CHAIN CHEMISTRY: THE L1527 CASE , volume =

Sakai, Nami and Sakai, Takeshi and Hirota, Tomoya and Yamamoto, Satoshi , year =. DEUTERATED MOLECULES IN WARM CARBON CHAIN CHEMISTRY: THE L1527 CASE , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/702/2/1025 , number =

doi
[115]

, keywords =

High resolution measurements of cyanoacetylene in dark clouds. , keywords =
[116]

Detection of five C-13 isotopic species of HC5N in TMC-1 , volume =

Takano, Shuro and Suzuki, Hiroko and Ohishi, Masatoshi and Ishikawa, Shin-Ichi and Kaifu, Norio and Hirahara, Yasuhiro and Masuda, Akimasa , year =. Detection of five C-13 isotopic species of HC5N in TMC-1 , volume =. doi:10.1086/185816 , journal =

doi
[117]

Flower, D. R. and Pineau des For\^ets, G. and Walmsley, C. M. , year =. The abundances of nitrogen-containing molecules during pre-protostellar collapse , volume =. Astronomy & Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065375 , number =

doi
[118]

Langer, W. D. and Schloerb, F. P. and Snell, R. L. and Young, J. S. , year =. Detection of deuterated cyanoacetylene in the interstellar cloud TMC 1 , volume =. doi:10.1086/183307 , journal =

doi
[119]

Astrochemical evolution along star formation: overview of the IRAM Large Program ASAI , volume =

Lefloch, Bertrand and Bachiller, R and Ceccarelli, C and Cernicharo, J and Codella, C and Fuente, A and Kahane, C and López-Sepulcre, A and Tafalla, M and Vastel, C and Caux, E and González-García, M and Bianchi, E and Gómez-Ruiz, A and Holdship, J and Mendoza, E and Ospina-Za...
[120]

and Caselli, Paola and Segura-Cox, Dominique M

Valdivia-Mena, María Teresa and Pineda, Jaime E. and Caselli, Paola and Segura-Cox, Dominique M. and Schmiedeke, Anika and Spezzano, Silvia and Offner, Stella and Ivlev, Alexei V. and Kuffmeier, Michael and Cunningham, Nichol and Neri, Roberto and Maureira, María José , year =...

doi
[121]

Valdivia-Mena, M. T. and Pineda, J. E. and Segura-Cox, D. M. and Caselli, P. and Neri, R. and López-Sepulcre, A. and Cunningham, N. and Bouscasse, L. and Semenov, D. and Henning, Th. and Piétu, V. and Chapillon, E. and Dutrey, A. and Fuente, A. and Guilloteau, S. and Hsieh, T....
[122]

Cyanopolyyne Chemistry in the L1544 Prestellar Core: New Insights from GBT Observations , volume =

Bianchi, Eleonora and Remijan, Anthony and Codella, Claudio and Ceccarelli, Cecilia and Lique, Francois and Spezzano, Silvia and Balucani, Nadia and Caselli, Paola and Herbst, Eric and Podio, Linda and Vastel, Charlotte and McGuire, Brett , year =. Cyanopolyyne Chemistry in th...

doi
[124]

, year =

Petrie, S. , year =. Formation of interstellar CCS and CCCS: a case for radical/neutral chemistry? , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , publisher =. doi:10.1093/mnras/281.2.666 , number =

doi
[126]

APJS , keywords =

Gas Phase Production of Complex Hydrocarbons, Cyanopolyynes, and Related Compounds in Dense Interstellar Clouds. APJS , keywords =. doi:10.1086/191314 , adsurl =

doi
[127]

doi:10.5281/zenodo.3509134 , url =

The pandas development team , title =. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3509134 , url =

doi
[128]

APLpy: Astronomical Plotting Library in Python
[129]

and Caselli, P

Spezzano, S. and Caselli, P. and Pineda, J. E. and Bizzocchi, L. and Prudenzano, D. and Nagy, Z. , year=. Distribution of methanol and cyclopropenylidene around starless cores , volume=. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936598 , journal=

doi
[130]

and Caselli, P

Spezzano, S. and Caselli, P. and Pineda, J. E. and Bizzocchi, L. and Prudenzano, D. and Nagy, Z. , urldate =. Distribution of methanol and cyclopropenylidene around starless cores , url =. 2009.04768 , keywords =

2009 arXiv
[131]

, keywords =

The observed chemical structure of L1544. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731262 , archivePrefix =. 1707.06015 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[132]

13C ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION OF HC3N IN STAR-FORMING REGIONS: LOW-MASS STAR-FORMING REGION L1527 AND HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGION G28.28-0.36 , volume =

Taniguchi, Kotomi and Saito, Masao and Ozeki, Hiroyuki , year =. 13C ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION OF HC3N IN STAR-FORMING REGIONS: LOW-MASS STAR-FORMING REGION L1527 AND HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGION G28.28-0.36 , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.3847/0004-6...

doi
[133]

, keywords =

The abundance and excitation of the carbon chains in interstellar molecular clouds. , keywords =
[134]

, keywords =

Cyanopolyyne Chemistry in TMC-1. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/BF00640193 , adsurl =

doi
[135]

, year = 1971, month = jan, volume =

Detection of Interstellar Cyanoacetylene. , year = 1971, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1086/180662 , adsurl =

1971 doi
[136]

, keywords =

The ^ 12 C/ ^ 13 C Isotope Gradient Derived from Millimeter Transitions of CN: The Case for Galactic Chemical Evolution. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/497123 , adsurl =

doi
[137]

, keywords =

The Chemical Composition of the Sun. , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 , archivePrefix =. 0909.0948 , primaryClass =
[138]

Sulphur chemistry in the L1544 pre-stellar core , volume =

Vastel, Charlotte and Quénard, D and Le Gal, R and Wakelam, V and Andrianasolo, A and Caselli, P and Vidal, T and Ceccarelli, C and Lefloch, B and Bachiller, R , year =. Sulphur chemistry in the L1544 pre-stellar core , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Socie...

doi
[139]

and Haberland, Matt and Reddy, Tyler and Cournapeau, David and Burovski, Evgeni and Peterson, Pearu and Weckesser, Warren and Bright, Jonathan and van der Walt, Stéfan J

Virtanen, Pauli and Gommers, Ralf and Oliphant, Travis E. and Haberland, Matt and Reddy, Tyler and Cournapeau, David and Burovski, Evgeni and Peterson, Pearu and Weckesser, Warren and Bright, Jonathan and van der Walt, Stéfan J. and Brett, Matthew and Wilson, Joshua and Millma...

2020
[140]

Chemical evolution of the HC3N and N2H+ molecules in dense cores of the Vela C giant molecular cloud complex , volume =

Ohashi, Satoshi and Tatematsu, Ken’ichi and Fujii, Kosuke and Sanhueza, Patricio and Nguyen Luong, Quang and Choi, Minho and Hirota, Tomoya and Mizuno, Norikazu , year =. Chemical evolution of the HC3N and N2H+ molecules in dense cores of the Vela C giant molecular cloud compl...

doi
[141]

Modeling Complex Organic Molecules’ Formation in Cold Cores: Multiphase Models with Nonthermal Mechanisms , volume =

Lu, Yang and Quan, Donghui and Chang, Qiang and Chen, Long-Fei and Li, Di , year =. Modeling Complex Organic Molecules’ Formation in Cold Cores: Multiphase Models with Nonthermal Mechanisms , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , publisher =. doi:10.3847/1538...

doi
[142]

AAP , keywords =

Chemical differentiation in a prestellar core traces non-uniform illumination. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628652 , archivePrefix =. 1607.03242 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[143]

Mapping observations of sulfur-containing carbon-chain molecules in Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1) , volume =

Hirahara, Yasuhiro and Suzuki, Hiroko and Yamamoto, Satoshi and Kawaguchi, Kentarou and Kaifu, Norio and Ohishi, Masatoshi and Takano, Shuro and Ishikawa, Shin-Ichi and Masuda, Akimasa , year =. Mapping observations of sulfur-containing carbon-chain molecules in Taurus Molecul...

doi
[144]

, keywords =

Organo-sulphur chemistry in dense interstellar clouds. , keywords =
[145]

, keywords =

On the Stability of Interstellar Carbon Clusters: The Rate of the Reaction between C 3 and O. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/177463 , adsurl =

doi
[146]

and Caselli, P

Crapsi, A. and Caselli, P. and Walmsley, M. C. and Tafalla, M. , year =. Observing the gas temperature drop in the high-density nucleus of L 1544 , volume =. Astronomy & Astrophysics , publisher =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077613 , number =

doi
[147]

, keywords =

The Rate of the Reaction between CN and C _ 2 H _ 2 at Interstellar Temperatures. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/303707 , adsurl =

doi
[148]

, keywords =

The gas phase production of CH2CN and other organo-nitrogen species in dense interstellar clouds. , keywords =
[149]

and Mamon, Gary A

Cherchneff, Isabelle and Glassgold, Alfred E. and Mamon, Gary A. , year =. The formation of cyanopolyyne molecules in IRC + 10216 , volume =. doi:10.1086/172737 , journal =

doi
[150]

Sulfur-bearing carbon chain molecules in interstellar clouds , volume =

Suzuki, Hiroko and Ohishi, Masatoshi and Kaifu, Norio and Kasuga, Takashi and Ishikawa, Shin-ichi and Miyaji, Takeshi , year =. Sulfur-bearing carbon chain molecules in interstellar clouds , volume =. doi:10.1016/0083-6656(88)90247-4 , journal =

doi
[151]

Molecular Orbital Study of Neutral‐Neutral Reactions concerning HC3N Formation in Interstellar Space , volume =

Fukuzawa, Kaori and Osamura, Yoshihiro , year =. Molecular Orbital Study of Neutral‐Neutral Reactions concerning HC3N Formation in Interstellar Space , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/304782 , number =

doi
[152]

, keywords =

Organo-sulfur chemistry in dense interstellar clouds via S+ -hydrocarbon reactions. , keywords =
[153]

and Stoecklin, Thierry S

Clary, David C. and Stoecklin, Thierry S. and Wickham, Andrew G. , year =. Rate constants for chemical reactions of radicals at low temperatures , volume =. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions , publisher =. doi:10.1039/ft9938902185 , number =

doi
[154]

Smith, I. W. M. , title =. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes , volume =. 1995 , publisher =

1995
[155]

and Canosa, Andr� and Sims, Ian R

Rowe, Bertrand R. and Canosa, Andr� and Sims, Ian R. , year =. Rate coefficients for interstellar gas-phase chemistry , volume =. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions , publisher =. doi:10.1039/ft9938902193 , number =

doi
[156]

Experiments , author=

Formation rates of complex organics in UV irradiated CH3OH-rich ices-I. Experiments , author=. Astronomy & Astrophysics , volume=. 2009 , publisher=

2009
[157]

, keywords =

Abundant Carbon-Chain Molecules toward the Low-Mass Protostar IRAS 04368+2557 in L1527. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/523635 , adsurl =

doi
[158]

and Suarez, Olga and Kuiper, Thomas B

de Gregorio‐Monsalvo, Itziar and Gomez, Jose F. and Suarez, Olga and Kuiper, Thomas B. H. and Rodriguez, Luis F. and Jimenez‐Bailon, Elena , year =. CCS and NH3Emission Associated with Low‐Mass Young Stellar Objects , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1...

doi
[159]

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics , volume=

Complex organic interstellar molecules , author=. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics , volume=
[160]

Protostars and Planets V , year = 2007, editor =

An Observational Perspective of Low-Mass Dense Cores I: Internal Physical and Chemical Properties. Protostars and Planets V , year = 2007, editor =

2007
[161]

, keywords =

Astrochemistry and compositions of planetary systems. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2020.09.004 , archivePrefix =. 2010.03529 , primaryClass =

2020 arXiv
[162]

ARAA , keywords =

Cold Dark Clouds: The Initial Conditions for Star Formation. ARAA , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.45.071206.100404 , archivePrefix =. 0705.3765 , primaryClass =
[163]

, keywords =

Detection of CH _ 3 C _ 3 N in Titan&'s Atmosphere. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abc1e1 , archivePrefix =. 2010.08654 , primaryClass =

2010 arXiv
[164]

Protostars and Planets VI , year = 2014, editor =

From Filamentary Networks to Dense Cores in Molecular Clouds: Toward a New Paradigm for Star Formation. Protostars and Planets VI , year = 2014, editor =. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816531240-ch002 , archivePrefix =. 1312.6232 , primaryClass =

2014 arXiv
[165]

, keywords =

Efficient Formation of Formaldehyde and Methanol by the Addition of Hydrogen Atoms to CO in H _ 2 O-CO Ice at 10 K. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/341412 , adsurl =

doi
[166]

, keywords =

Production of complex organic molecules: H-atom addition versus UV irradiation. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx222 , archivePrefix =. 1705.07680 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[167]

AAP , keywords =

Formation of methyl formate and other organic species in the warm-up phase of hot molecular cores. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065560 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0607560 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[168]

, keywords =

Molecular Evolution and Star Formation: From Prestellar Cores to Protostellar Cores. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/524096 , archivePrefix =. 0710.0712 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[169]

, year = 2009, month = sep, volume =

Complex Organic Interstellar Molecules. , year = 2009, month = sep, volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101654 , adsurl =

2009 doi
[170]

AAP , keywords =

Detection of complex organic molecules in a prestellar core: a new challenge for astrochemical models. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219207 , adsurl =

doi
[171]

ApJL , keywords =

The Spatial Distribution of Complex Organic Molecules in the L1544 Pre-stellar Core. ApJL , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/830/1/L6 , archivePrefix =. 1609.05045 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[172]

ApJ , keywords =

Prevalence of Complex Organic Molecules in Starless and Prestellar Cores within the Taurus Molecular Cloud. ApJ , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab7375 , archivePrefix =. 2002.02469 , primaryClass =

2002 arXiv
[173]

ApJL , keywords =

The Origin of Complex Organic Molecules in Prestellar Cores. ApJL , keywords =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/795/1/L2 , archivePrefix =. 1409.6565 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[174]

, keywords =

Reactive Desorption and Radiative Association as Possible Drivers of Complex Molecule Formation in the Cold Interstellar Medium. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/769/1/34 , archivePrefix =. 1303.7266 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[175]

, keywords =

Modelling complex organic molecules in dense regions: Eley-Rideal and complex induced reaction. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2709 , archivePrefix =. 1412.6256 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[176]

APJS , keywords =

Formation of Complex Organic Molecules in Cold Interstellar Environments through Nondiffusive Grain-surface and Ice-mantle Chemistry. APJS , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab9ec8 , archivePrefix =. 2006.11127 , primaryClass =

2006 arXiv
[177]

The Central 1000 au of a Prestellar Core Revealed with ALMA. II. Almost Complete Freeze-out. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac5913 , archivePrefix =. 2202.13374 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[178]

, keywords =

CARMA Observations of Protostellar Outflows in NGC 1333. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/22 , archivePrefix =. 1307.3558 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[179]

Protostars and Planets VII , year = 2023, editor =

From Bubbles and Filaments to Cores and Disks: Gas Gathering and Growth of Structure Leading to the Formation of Stellar Systems. Protostars and Planets VII , year = 2023, editor =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2205.03935 , archivePrefix =. 2205.03935 , primaryClass =

2023 doi arXiv
[180]

Protostars and Planets IV , year = 2000, editor =

From Prestellar Cores to Protostars: the Initial Conditions of Star Formation. Protostars and Planets IV , year = 2000, editor =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9903284 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9903284 , primaryClass =

2000 doi arXiv
[181]

and Di Francesco, J

Ward‐Thompson, D. and Di Francesco, J. and Hatchell, J. and Hogerheijde, M. R. and Nutter, D. and Bastien, P. and Basu, S. and Bonnell, I. and Bowey, J. and Brunt, C. and Buckle, J. and Butner, H. and Cavanagh, B. and Chrysostomou, A. and Curtis, E. and Davis, C. J. and Dent, ...
[182]

The Central 1000 au of a Pre-stellar Core Revealed with ALMA. I. 1.3 mm Continuum Observations. ApJ , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab0700 , archivePrefix =. 1902.05299 , primaryClass =

1902 arXiv
[183]

, keywords =

Formation of complex organic molecules in cold objects: the role of gas-phase reactions. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slv009 , archivePrefix =. 1501.03668 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[184]

AAP , keywords =

L1521E: The first starless core with no molecular depletion. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031766 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0402039 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[185]

, keywords =

C ^ 18 O Depletion in Starless Cores in Taurus. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/144 , archivePrefix =. 1101.2446 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[186]

, keywords =

A Survey of CCS, HC 3N, HC 5N, and NH 3 toward Dark Cloud Cores and Their Production Chemistry. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/171456 , adsurl =

doi
[187]

, keywords =

Observations of DNC and HN ^ 13 C in Dark Cloud Cores. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/318380 , adsurl =

doi
[188]

AAP , keywords =

The chemical structure of the very young starless core L1521E. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935568 , archivePrefix =. 1904.01136 , primaryClass =

1904 arXiv
[189]

AAP , keywords =

Dust opacities for protostellar cores. AAP , keywords =
[190]

The thermal structure of low-mass molecular cloud cores

The Earliest Phases of Star Formation (EPoS): a Herschel key project. The thermal structure of low-mass molecular cloud cores. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220477 , archivePrefix =. 1301.1498 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[191]

, keywords =

Dynamics of Dense Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/521395 , archivePrefix =. 0707.2769 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[192]

Central positions

Far-infrared/submillimetre properties of pre-stellar cores L1521E, L1521F and L1689B as revealed by the Herschel SPIRE instrument - I. Central positions. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw428 , archivePrefix =. 1602.06927 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[193]

, keywords =

Discovery of the Methoxy Radical, CH _ 3 O, toward B1: Dust Grain and Gas-phase Chemistry in Cold Dark Clouds. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/2/L43 , adsurl =

doi
[194]

SCUBA mappingof pre-stellar cores

The initial conditions of isolated star formation - VI. SCUBA mappingof pre-stellar cores. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09145.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0505190 , primaryClass =

2005
[195]

, keywords =

Modeling the Physical Structure of the Low-Density Pre-Protostellar Core Lynds 1498. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/431963 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0505171 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[196]

AAP , keywords =

Chemical complexity induced by efficient ice evaporation in the Barnard 5 molecular cloud. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630023 , archivePrefix =. 1706.01368 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[197]

Dust as interstellar catalyst. I. Quantifying the chemical desorption process. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525981 , archivePrefix =. 1510.03218 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[198]

Journal of Molecular Structure , year = 1973, month = may, volume =

Microwave spectra of isotopic glycolaldehydes, substitution structure, intramolecular hydrogen bond and dipole moment. Journal of Molecular Structure , year = 1973, month = may, volume =. doi:10.1016/0022-2860(73)80065-1 , adsurl =

1973 doi
[199]

, keywords =

How to Calculate Molecular Column Density. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/680323 , archivePrefix =. 1501.01703 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[200]

AAP , keywords =

The degree of CO depletion in pre-stellar cores. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020652 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0205154 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[201]

AAP , keywords =

Gas-phase CO depletion and N _ 2 H ^ + abundances in starless cores. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322129 , archivePrefix =. 1308.2958 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[202]

AAP , keywords =

The origin of gas-phase HCO and CH _ 3 O radicals in prestellar cores. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526198 , archivePrefix =. 1601.01696 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[203]

AAP , keywords =

Molecular complexity in pre-stellar cores: a 3 mm-band study of L183 and L1544. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936884 , adsurl =

doi
[204]

Complex organic molecules in low-mass protostars on Solar System scales. I. Oxygen-bearing species. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037758 , archivePrefix =. 2005.06784 , primaryClass =

2005 arXiv
[205]

Oxygen-bearing species

Complex organic molecules in low-mass protostars on solar system scales -- I. Oxygen-bearing species. arXiv e-prints , keywords =
[206]

, keywords =

Complex Organic Molecules during Low-mass Star Formation: Pilot Survey Results. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/68 , archivePrefix =. 1406.1542 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[207]

AAP , keywords =

Hot corinos in NGC 1333-IRAS4B and IRAS2A. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065139 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0611480 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[208]

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry , keywords =

Complex Organic Molecules in Comets from Remote-Sensing Observations at Millimeter Wavelengths. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry , keywords =. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00130 , archivePrefix =. 1910.10047 , primaryClass =

1910 arXiv
[209]

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts , year = 2019, volume =

The Carbon Content in Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from Rosetta/ROSINA. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts , year = 2019, volume =

2019
[210]

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry , keywords =

CHO-Bearing Molecules in Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry , keywords =. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00094 , archivePrefix =. 2003.03967 , primaryClass =

2003 arXiv
[211]

, keywords =

The ALMA-PILS survey: the sulphur connection between protostars and comets: IRAS 16293-2422 B and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty462 , archivePrefix =. 1802.02977 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[212]

ApJ , keywords =

Formation of Complex Molecules in Prestellar Cores: A Multilayer Approach. ApJ , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa72ec , archivePrefix =. 1705.04747 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[213]

, keywords =

Formation and Recondensation of Complex Organic Molecules during Protostellar Luminosity Outbursts. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/46 , archivePrefix =. 1602.05364 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[214]

, keywords =

Interstellar dimethyl ether gas-phase formation: a quantum chemistry and kinetics study. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2903 , archivePrefix =. 1810.10407 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[215]

, keywords =

Interstellar Glycolaldehyde: The First Sugar. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/312881 , adsurl =

doi
[216]

, keywords =

First Detection of Glycolaldehyde Outside the Galactic Center. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/2/L93 , archivePrefix =. 0811.3821 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[217]

, keywords =

Formation mechanism of glycolaldehyde and ethylene glycol in astrophysical ices from HCO ^ and ^ CH _ 2 OH recombination: an experimental study. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1706 , adsurl =

doi
[218]

AAP , keywords =

Formation of COMs through CO hydrogenation on interstellar grains. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936522 , archivePrefix =. 2001.04895 , primaryClass =

2001 arXiv
[219]

, keywords =

Mapping Vinyl Cyanide and Other Nitriles in Titan's Atmosphere Using ALMA. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa8eef , archivePrefix =. 1710.06411 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[220]

, keywords =

Constraining the Abundances of Complex Organics in the Inner Regions of Solar-type Protostars. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/81 , archivePrefix =. 1502.06427 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[221]

AAP , keywords =

Complex organics in IRAS 4A revisited with ALMA and PdBI: Striking contrast between two neighbouring protostellar cores. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630334 , archivePrefix =. 1707.03745 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[222]

, keywords =

The Census of Complex Organic Molecules in the Solar-type Protostar IRAS16293-2422. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/29 , archivePrefix =. 1406.7195 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[223]

AAP , keywords =

The ALMA-PILS survey: isotopic composition of oxygen-containing complex organic molecules toward IRAS 16293-2422B. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731667 , archivePrefix =. 1808.08753 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[224]

, keywords =

The census of interstellar complex organic molecules in the Class I hot corino of SVS13-A. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2915 , archivePrefix =. 1810.11411 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[225]

Complex organic molecules in low-mass protostars on Solar System scales. II. Nitrogen-bearing species. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039996 , archivePrefix =. 2104.03326 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[226]

Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS). IV. Observational results and statistical trends. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040112 , archivePrefix =. 2102.13153 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[227]

, keywords =

Carbon Chains and Methanol toward Embedded Protostars. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/140 , archivePrefix =. 1602.01472 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[228]

, keywords =

Complex Organic Molecules toward Embedded Low-mass Protostars. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa72f6 , archivePrefix =. 1705.05338 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[229]

, keywords =

Complex Molecules toward Low-mass Protostars: The Serpens Core. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/14 , archivePrefix =. 1107.5824 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[230]

AAP , keywords =

Organic chemistry in the innermost, infalling envelope of the Class 0 protostar L483. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833214 , archivePrefix =. 1809.00390 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[231]

Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS). V. Methanol and acetaldehyde in the protostellar jet-driven shocks L1157-B0 and B1. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936725 , archivePrefix =. 2001.00217 , primaryClass =

2001 arXiv
[232]

, keywords =

Discovery of a Hot Corino in the Bok Globule B335. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/830/2/L37 , archivePrefix =. 1610.03942 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[233]

, keywords =

Probing Pre-Protostellar Cores with Formaldehyde. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/423609 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0406530 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[234]

, keywords =

Chemistry and Dynamics in Pre-protostellar Cores. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/345428 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0210330 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[235]

The dense heart of L1689B

Prestellar core modeling in the presence of a filament. The dense heart of L1689B. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628815 , archivePrefix =. 1606.07942 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[236]

, keywords =

First ALMA maps of HCO, an important precursor of complex organic molecules, towards IRAS 16293-2422. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3078 , archivePrefix =. 1811.01650 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[237]

, keywords =

A Cold Complex Chemistry Toward the Low-mass Protostar B1-b: Evidence for Complex Molecule Production in Ices. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/825 , archivePrefix =. 1005.0637 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[238]

AAP , keywords =

Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322068 , archivePrefix =. 1307.6212 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[239]

, keywords =

The Astropy Project: Building an Open-science Project and Status of the v2.0 Core Package. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f , archivePrefix =. 1801.02634 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[240]

Atoms, Ions and Molecules: New Results in Spectral Line Astrophysics , year = 1991, editor =

The Ortho to Para Ratio for Ketene in TMC-1. Atoms, Ions and Molecules: New Results in Spectral Line Astrophysics , year = 1991, editor =

1991
[241]

Computing in Science and Engineering , keywords =

The NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient Numerical Computation. Computing in Science and Engineering , keywords =. doi:10.1109/MCSE.2011.37 , archivePrefix =. 1102.1523 , primaryClass =

2011 arXiv
[242]

Computing in Science and Engineering , keywords =

Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment. Computing in Science and Engineering , keywords =. doi:10.1109/MCSE.2007.55 , adsurl =

2007 doi
[243]

AAP , keywords =

Evolutionary study of complex organic molecules in high-mass star-forming regions. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038212 , archivePrefix =. 2006.15413 , primaryClass =

2006
[244]

Nature Methods , year = "2020", volume=

SciPy 1.0: Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python. Nature Methods , year = "2020", volume=

2020
[245]

, keywords =

Molecular gas freeze-out in the pre-stellar core L1689B. , keywords =. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.06106.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0210294 , primaryClass =

2002
[246]

, keywords =

First Abundance Measurement of Organic Molecules in the Atmosphere of HH 212 Protostellar Disk. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab15db , archivePrefix =. 1904.10572 , primaryClass =

1904 arXiv
[247]

ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP). I. Detection of New Hot Corinos with the ACA. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9f3a , archivePrefix =. 2006.15850 , primaryClass =

2006 arXiv
[248]

arXiv e-prints , keywords =

Array Programming with NumPy. arXiv e-prints , keywords =
[249]

, keywords =

Submillimeter, millimeter and microwave spectral line catalog. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00091-0 , adsurl =

doi
[250]

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , keywords =

The Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, CDMS, in the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre, VAMDC. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2016.03.005 , archivePrefix =. 1603.03264 , primaryClass =

2016 arXiv
[251]

, keywords =

Observation of the 6 _ 16 - 5 _ 15 transitions of acetaldehyde in Sagittarius B2. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/154148 , adsurl =

doi
[252]

Astrobiology , keywords =

Toward the RNA-World in the Interstellar Medium Detection of Urea and Search of 2-Amino-oxazole and Simple Sugars. Astrobiology , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2019.2125 , archivePrefix =. 2004.07834 , primaryClass =

2019
[253]

, keywords =

Ice and Dust in the Prestellar Dark Cloud Lynds 183: Preplanetary Matter at the Lowest Temperatures. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/102 , adsurl =

doi
[254]

, keywords =

Astrochemistry During the Formation of Stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021927 , archivePrefix =. 2006.07071 , primaryClass =

2006 arXiv
[255]

AAP , keywords =

The Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, CDMS. AAP , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010367 , adsurl =

doi
[256]

arXiv e-prints , keywords =

Organic chemistry in the first phases of Solar-type protostars. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2206.13270 , archivePrefix =. 2206.13270 , primaryClass =

doi arXiv
[257]

Journal of Molecular Structure , year = 2005, month = may, volume =

The Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, CDMS: a useful tool for astronomers and spectroscopists. Journal of Molecular Structure , year = 2005, month = may, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.01.027 , adsurl =

2005 doi
[258]

, keywords =

The Molecular Inventory of TMC-1 with GOTHAM Observations. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ae04e5 , archivePrefix =. 2509.06256 , primaryClass =

arXiv

Pith tools

Reviewed August 8, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.

[1] [1]

Millimeter Wave Spectroscopy of Unstable Molecular Species. I. Carbon Monosulfide. , year = 1963, month = dec, volume =. doi:10.1063/1.1734116 , adsurl =

work page doi:10.1063/1.1734116 1963

[2] [2]

2026 , publisher =

Cataldi, Gianni , title =. 2026 , publisher =. doi:10.21105/joss.09233 , url =

work page doi:10.21105/joss.09233 2026

[3] [3]

and Wakelam, V

Aikawa, Y. and Wakelam, V. and Hersant, F. and Garrod, R. T. and Herbst, E. , year =. FROM PRESTELLAR TO PROTOSTELLAR CORES. II. TIME DEPENDENCE AND DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/40 , number =

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/40

[4] [4]

Exo-/Astro-Biology , year = 2001, editor =

Laboratory studies on the formation of CN containing molecules in the atmosphere of Titan and prebiotic Earth. Exo-/Astro-Biology , year = 2001, editor =

2001

[5] [5]

and López-Sepulcre, A

Taquet, V. and López-Sepulcre, A. and Ceccarelli, C. and Neri, R. and Kahane, C. and Coutens, A. and Vastel, C. , year =. WATER DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION IN THE INNER REGIONS OF TWO SOLAR-TYPE PROTOSTARS , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/768/2/l29 , number =

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/768/2/l29

[6] [6]

and Marcelino, N

Cernicharo, J. and Marcelino, N. and Agúndez, M. and Bermúdez, C. and Cabezas, C. and Tercero, B. and Pardo, J. R. , year =. Discovery of HC<sub>4</sub>NC in TMC-1: A study of the isomers of HC<sub>3</sub>N, HC<sub>5</sub>N, and HC<sub>7</sub>N , volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039274 , journal =

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039274

[7] [7]

and Asvany, O

Balucani, N. and Asvany, O. and Huang, L. C. L. and Lee, Y. T. and Kaiser, R. I. and Osamura, Y. and Bettinger, H. F. , year =. Formation of Nitriles in the Interstellar Medium via Reactions of Cyano Radicals, CN(<i>X</i> <sup>2</sup>Σ<sup>+</sup>), with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons , volume =. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher =. doi:10.1086/317848 , number =

doi:10.1086/317848

[8] [8]

A comprehensive study of the gas-phase formation network of HC5N: theory, experiments, observations, and models , volume =

Giani, Lisa and Bianchi, Eleonora and Fournier, Martin and Cheikh Sid Ely, Sidaty and Ceccarelli, Cecilia and Rosi, Marzio and Guillemin, Jean-Claude and Sims, Ian R and Balucani, Nadia , year =. A comprehensive study of the gas-phase formation network of HC5N: theory, experiments, observations, and models , volume =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronom...

doi:10.1093/mnras/staf189