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Estimating Training Data Influence by Tracing Gradient Descent

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arxiv 2002.08484 v3 pith:5HNSSHDZ submitted 2020-02-19 cs.LG stat.ML

classification cs.LGstat.ML
keywords traininggradientmethodtracincheckpointsdatadescentexample
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We introduce a method called TracIn that computes the influence of a training example on a prediction made by the model. The idea is to trace how the loss on the test point changes during the training process whenever the training example of interest was utilized. We provide a scalable implementation of TracIn via: (a) a first-order gradient approximation to the exact computation, (b) saved checkpoints of standard training procedures, and (c) cherry-picking layers of a deep neural network. In contrast with previously proposed methods, TracIn is simple to implement; all it needs is the ability to work with gradients, checkpoints, and loss functions. The method is general. It applies to any machine learning model trained using stochastic gradient descent or a variant of it, agnostic of architecture, domain and task. We expect the method to be widely useful within processes that study and improve training data.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Sketching the Readout of Large Language Models for Scalable Data Attribution and Valuation

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    RISE applies CountSketch to dual lexical and semantic channels derived from output-layer gradient outer products, cutting data attribution storage by up to 112x and enabling retrospective and prospective influence ana...

  2. GUDA: Counterfactual Group-wise Training Data Attribution for Diffusion Models via Unlearning

    cs.LG 2026-01 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    GUDA approximates leave-one-group-out counterfactual models with unlearning and ranks group influence by ELBO differences.

  3. Understanding Data Influence with Differential Approximation

    cs.LG 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    This paper introduces Diff-In, an influence estimator that accumulates second-order approximations of influence differences across training steps and shows strong accuracy in data cleaning, deletion, and coreset selec...

  4. Data Pruning by Information Maximization

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    InfoMax selects a training subset by solving a discrete quadratic program that balances sample importance scores against pairwise similarity penalties, and reports state-of-the-art pruning results across three deep le...

  5. Dataset Distillation by Influence Matching

    cs.CV 2026-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Inf-Match distills datasets by matching estimated parameter influence of real and synthetic data, reporting SOTA classification and retrieval, but with an unsupported theoretical core.

  6. When unlearning is free: leveraging low influence points to reduce computational costs

    cs.LG 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Low-influence training points can be dropped from forget/retain sets before unlearning, cutting runtime up to ~50% with little measured loss in accuracy or MIA-based privacy.

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