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Hiformer: Heterogeneous Feature Interactions Learning with Transformers for Recommender Systems

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arxiv 2311.05884 v1 pith:6VO7TXR2 submitted 2023-11-10 cs.IR cs.LG

classification cs.IRcs.LG
keywords featuretransformerarchitecturehiformerinteractionsmodelrecommendersystems
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Learning feature interaction is the critical backbone to building recommender systems. In web-scale applications, learning feature interaction is extremely challenging due to the sparse and large input feature space; meanwhile, manually crafting effective feature interactions is infeasible because of the exponential solution space. We propose to leverage a Transformer-based architecture with attention layers to automatically capture feature interactions. Transformer architectures have witnessed great success in many domains, such as natural language processing and computer vision. However, there has not been much adoption of Transformer architecture for feature interaction modeling in industry. We aim at closing the gap. We identify two key challenges for applying the vanilla Transformer architecture to web-scale recommender systems: (1) Transformer architecture fails to capture the heterogeneous feature interactions in the self-attention layer; (2) The serving latency of Transformer architecture might be too high to be deployed in web-scale recommender systems. We first propose a heterogeneous self-attention layer, which is a simple yet effective modification to the self-attention layer in Transformer, to take into account the heterogeneity of feature interactions. We then introduce \textsc{Hiformer} (\textbf{H}eterogeneous \textbf{I}nteraction Trans\textbf{former}) to further improve the model expressiveness. With low-rank approximation and model pruning, \hiformer enjoys fast inference for online deployment. Extensive offline experiment results corroborates the effectiveness and efficiency of the \textsc{Hiformer} model. We have successfully deployed the \textsc{Hiformer} model to a real world large scale App ranking model at Google Play, with significant improvement in key engagement metrics (up to +2.66\%).

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. TransX: Scaling Transformer-based Recommendation via Behavioral and Serving Stream Crossings

    cs.IR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dual-stream encoder-decoder recommender with nearline-cached behavior encoding reports higher CTR/CVR than DLRM baselines at roughly one-fifth of the online compute in LinkedIn deployment.

  2. SpecFormer: Mitigating Embedding and Attention Collapse via Spectral-Aware Transformer for Recommendation

    cs.IR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    SpecFormer is a spectral-aware Transformer that flattens the singular-value spectrum of embeddings to prevent embedding/attention collapse, outperforming baselines on CTR benchmarks and scaling with layer depth.

  3. UniRank: Benchmarking Ranking Models for Unified Sequential Modeling and Feature Interaction

    cs.IR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    UniRank is an open benchmark that standardizes chronological autoregressive supervision, multi-task evaluation, and capacity controls for 15 unified ranking models on five large datasets.

  4. From Scaling to Structured Expressivity: Rethinking Transformers for CTR Prediction

    cs.IR 2025-11 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    FAT specializes attention by semantic field and reports +0.51% AUC over baselines on Taobao data, but its power-law scaling law is an empirical fit, not a derived prediction.

  5. RankMixer: Scaling Up Ranking Models in Industrial Recommenders

    cs.IR 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RankMixer scales an industrial ranking model to 1B dense parameters with 10x MFU improvement and unchanged latency, gaining 1.08% in app duration in Douyin A/B tests.

  6. WHALE: A Scalable Unified Model for Recommendation with Wukong-HSTU Architecture

    cs.IR 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Layer-wise attention fusion between Wukong-style feature crosses and HSTU-style behavior history improves recommendation quality over each backbone alone at matched FLOPs.

  7. TMallGS: Scaling Unified Feature and Sequence Modeling for Generative E-commerce Search

    cs.IR 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    TmallGS, a decoupled Transformer ranking architecture with per-field projections, gating, FiLM fusion, and progressive training, reports consistent offline and online gains on Tmall Search.

  8. LO-FAR: A Cost-Aware Local Filter for Sparse Feature Ranking in Industrial Ad Recommendation

    cs.IR 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    LO-FAR ranks sparse ID-list features by stand-alone held-out predictive signal and reports downstream NE gains competitive with shuffle importance and BSN at 100–400 retained features in about two CPU-hours.

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