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Draft, Sketch, and Prove: Guiding Formal Theorem Provers with Informal Proofs

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arxiv 2210.12283 v3 pith:6XA4IT2S submitted 2022-10-21 cs.AI cs.LG

classification cs.AIcs.LG
keywords proofsinformalformalsketchesautomateddraftformalizationguiding
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The formalization of existing mathematical proofs is a notoriously difficult process. Despite decades of research on automation and proof assistants, writing formal proofs remains arduous and only accessible to a few experts. While previous studies to automate formalization focused on powerful search algorithms, no attempts were made to take advantage of available informal proofs. In this work, we introduce Draft, Sketch, and Prove (DSP), a method that maps informal proofs to formal proof sketches, and uses the sketches to guide an automated prover by directing its search to easier sub-problems. We investigate two relevant setups where informal proofs are either written by humans or generated by a language model. Our experiments and ablation studies show that large language models are able to produce well-structured formal sketches that follow the same reasoning steps as the informal proofs. Guiding an automated prover with these sketches enhances its performance from 20.9% to 39.3% on a collection of mathematical competition problems.

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Cited by 14 Pith papers

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