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Werewolf Arena: A Case Study in LLM Evaluation via Social Deduction

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arxiv 2407.13943 v1 pith:AFXWN6VW submitted 2024-07-18 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords werewolfarenadeductionframeworkmodelsgameintroducesllms
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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This paper introduces Werewolf Arena, a novel framework for evaluating large language models (LLMs) through the lens of the classic social deduction game, Werewolf. In Werewolf Arena, LLMs compete against each other, navigating the game's complex dynamics of deception, deduction, and persuasion. The framework introduces a dynamic turn-taking system based on bidding, mirroring real-world discussions where individuals strategically choose when to speak. We demonstrate the framework's utility through an arena-style tournament featuring Gemini and GPT models. Our results reveal distinct strengths and weaknesses in the models' strategic reasoning and communication. These findings highlight Werewolf Arena's potential as a challenging and scalable LLM benchmark.

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. MafiaScope: Non-Invasive, Time-Resolved Belief Probing for LLM Agents in Social Deduction Games

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Non-invasive per-utterance belief probes in Mafia, auto-scored against engine truth, expose poorly calibrated LLM confidence and 1.5× over-prediction of being suspected.

  2. Even More Deception: Objective Misalignment in Mixed-Motive LLM Multi-Agent Systems

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Changing one LLM agent's secret objective in Werewolf lowers its team's win rate and changes its reasoning, while its public chat stays deceptively normal.

  3. Auditing Belief-Conditioned LLM Agents in Hidden-Information Social Deduction Games

    cs.MA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An external belief audit framework for LLM Werewolf agents associates active belief with higher good-side win rates while exposing low action-belief consistency and rejecting forced consumption.

  4. Strategy Adaptation in Large Language Model Werewolf Agents

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Dynamically switching between Support and Attack strategies based on role estimates raises win rates for Werewolf LLM agents, with mixed effects for Villagers.

  5. SocialMaze: A Benchmark for Evaluating Social Reasoning in Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    SocialMaze is a six-task benchmark that claims to evaluate LLM social reasoning along deep reasoning, dynamic interaction, and information uncertainty dimensions.

  6. Cumulative suspicion and absorption dynamics in an agent-based Mafia game

    physics.soc-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.5 of 10

    History-dependent suspicion scores in an agent Mafia model yield F(τ)∼(τ/N)^{N_m} early extinction without detectives and an empirical N_c collapse of win probabilities that detectives break.

  7. TextAtari: 100K Frames Game Playing with Language Agents

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    TextAtari is a text-based Atari benchmark for language agents; 7-8B LLMs stay below 10% of human scores in over 90% of tested conditions, and knowledge injection helps more than chain-of-thought.

  8. Agents Require Metacognitive and Strategic Reasoning to Succeed in the Coming Labor Markets

    cs.AI 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    AI agents in future labor markets will need metacognitive and strategic reasoning because incomplete information creates adverse selection, moral hazard, and reputation effects.

  9. Game Theory Meets Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey with Taxonomy and New Frontiers

    cs.AI 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A taxonomy-based survey of bidirectional game theory and LLM research, spanning evaluation, alignment, economic competition, and LLM-driven game solving.

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