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Inconsistency of Islands in Theories with Long-Range Gravity

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arxiv 2107.03390 v2 pith:B6IOYFLD submitted 2021-07-07 hep-th

classification hep-th
keywords islandsentanglementasymptoticgravitationalgravitylong-rangetheorieswedge
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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In ordinary gravitational theories, any local bulk operator in an entanglement wedge is accompanied by a long-range gravitational dressing that extends to the asymptotic part of the wedge. Islands are the only known examples of entanglement wedges that are disconnected from the asymptotic region of spacetime. In this paper, we show that the lack of an asymptotic region in islands creates a potential puzzle that involves the gravitational Gauss law, independently of whether or not there is a non-gravitational bath. In a theory with long-range gravity, the energy of an excitation localized to the island can be detected from outside the island, in contradiction with the principle that operators in an entanglement wedge should commute with operators from its complement. In several known examples, we show that this tension is resolved because islands appear in conjunction with a massive graviton. We also derive some additional consistency conditions that must be obeyed by islands in decoupled systems. Our arguments suggest that islands might not constitute consistent entanglement wedges in standard theories of massless gravity where the Gauss law applies.

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Cited by 11 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Hollow-grams: Generalized Entanglement Wedges from the Gravitational Path Integral

    hep-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The entropy of a bulk region in holographic states equals the generalized entropy of the smallest wedge containing it, derived from a replica path integral via a hollow-graphic construction.

  2. Entanglement Entropy of Quantum Corners

    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For a two-dimensional corner symmetry algebra, coherent corner states give an entanglement entropy that scales with the area when mapped to near-extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes.

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    Entanglement islands in the AdS/bath island model realize the quantum-gravity 'observer' as a Goldstone vector mode, making the island operator algebra an emergent Type II∞ von Neumann algebra.

  4. An apologia for islands

    hep-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Entanglement islands and Page curves can arise in massless gravity without an external bath, and compactly supported gauge-invariant operators exist in islands around generic symmetry-breaking black hole backgrounds.

  5. The Mechanism behind the Information Encoding for Islands

    hep-th 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Island information is encoded in the bath because island operators are gravitationally dressed to the bath via the massive-graviton Stückelberg field, realized as Wilson lines in the Karch-Randall braneworld.

  6. Page Time of Primordial Black Holes in the Standard Model and Beyond

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    For Standard Model emission, a Schwarzschild primordial black hole of about 6.23 x 10^14 grams would reach its Page time at the current age of the Universe.

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    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Deformed CFTs on a strip with a stretched-horizon conformal boundary are proposed as UV completions of pure and matter-coupled JT gravity, reproducing its entropy and a Page-curve-like saturation.

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    Standard AdS/CFT duality is reinterpreted as D-brane/black-brane duality in nonrelativistic D3-brane theory, with AdS5×S5 as a relativistic bubble in flat 3-Newton-Cartan geometry.

  9. Defects extremal surfaces and interface CFTs

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A generalized defect-extremal-surface prescription for AdS3/ICFT2 is shown to match island-formula entropies in the large-tension limit and to produce Page curves for 2d eternal black holes.

  10. Probing the Black Hole Interior with Holographic Entanglement Entropy and the Role of AdS/BCFT Correspondence

    hep-th 2025-08 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

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  11. Massive Gravity @ 15

    hep-th 2026-07 unverdicted

    A status review arguing that ghost-free massive gravity remains a theoretically consistent and phenomenologically viable infrared modification of General Relativity, with open UV questions.

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