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Observational Tests of Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback: An Overview of Approaches and Interpretation
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Observational Tests of Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback: An Overview of Approaches and Interpretation
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Growing supermassive black holes (Active Galactic Nuclei; AGN) release energy with the potential to alter their host galaxies and larger-scale environment; a process named "AGN feedback". Feedback is a required component of galaxy formation models and simulations to explain observed properties of galaxy populations. We provide a broad overview of observational approaches that are designed to establish the physical processes that couple AGN energy to the multi-phase gas, or to find evidence that AGN impact upon galaxy evolution. The orders-of-magnitude range in spatial, temporal, and temperature scales, requires a diverse set of observational studies. For example, studying individual targets in detail sheds light on coupling mechanisms; however, evidence for long-term impact of AGN is better established within galaxy populations that are not necessarily currently active. We emphasise how modern surveys have revealed the importance of radio emission for identifying, and characterising, feedback mechanisms. At the achieved sensitivities, the detected radio emission can trace a range of processes, including shocked interstellar medium caused by AGN outflows (driven by various mechanisms including radiation pressure, accretion disc winds, and jets). We also describe how interpreting observations in the context of theoretical work can be challenging, in part, due to some of the adopted terminology.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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First detection of ultra-fast outflows in a quiescent galaxy
First detection of an ultra-fast outflow (v≈0.07c) in a quiescent galaxy quenched ~9 Gyr ago, suggesting AGN winds can maintain quiescence independent of global star formation.
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AGN radiative feedback as the main regulator of [O III] outflow activity and obscuration in X-ray AGN
AGN radiation pressure, not black-hole mass, simultaneously boosts large-scale [O III] outflows and clears circumnuclear gas as Eddington ratio rises.
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AGN Feedback Models and AGN Demographics II: Comparing Predictions of Radiative and Total Feedback to Observations
EAGLE, SIMBA, and TNG100 all fail to reproduce observed trends in which galaxies host radiatively efficient AGN, and EAGLE matches only after a factor-of-ten normalization adjustment.
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An (in)complete NIRSpec census of Balmer absorption in Type 1 AGN -- radiation-driven outflows in little red dots, quasars and variable stars
About 44% of little red dots have hydrogen-alpha absorption from outflowing gas, implying radiatively driven outflows rather than static atmospheres.
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Jet--ISM Interactions in Gaseous Disks: Simulating Kinetic Feedback in the Radio Galaxy 3C 326 N
Jet–ISM coupling in multi-scale cloudy disks produces asymmetric lobes and kinematics that match the JWST-observed bubble in 3C 326 N for a 10^45 erg s^{-1} jet.
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Non-thermal emission in jets and winds: Expected emission and spectral index distributions
Self-consistent CRE evolution in RMHD simulations produces distinct spectral-index gradients that distinguish compact AGN jets from winds even when morphology is ambiguous.
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Peculiar Behavior of Optical Polarization in Blazar 1ES 1959+650: Role of Jet Magnetic Field and Geometry
In 1ES 1959+650, optical polarization correlates positively with brightness before a flare, anti-correlates after it, and decouples during the flare — attributed to changing jet viewing geometry.
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AGN radiative feedback as the main regulator of [O III] outflow activity and obscuration in X-ray AGN
Higher Eddington ratio AGN exhibit increased [O III] outflow incidence and reduced obscuration, supporting radiative feedback as the regulator.
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Effects of Varied Cosmic Ray Feedback from AGN on Massive Galaxy Properties
Varied cosmic ray feedback models from AGN in FIRE-3 simulations all quench massive galaxies consistently with observations but produce vastly different circumgalactic medium properties.
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