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MetaMorph: Learning Universal Controllers with Transformers

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arxiv 2203.11931 v1 pith:CMLMHQLG submitted 2022-03-22 cs.LG cs.NEcs.RO

classification cs.LGcs.NEcs.RO
keywords robotmorphologieslargemetamorphtaskcontrollerdemonstratedesign
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Multiple domains like vision, natural language, and audio are witnessing tremendous progress by leveraging Transformers for large scale pre-training followed by task specific fine tuning. In contrast, in robotics we primarily train a single robot for a single task. However, modular robot systems now allow for the flexible combination of general-purpose building blocks into task optimized morphologies. However, given the exponentially large number of possible robot morphologies, training a controller for each new design is impractical. In this work, we propose MetaMorph, a Transformer based approach to learn a universal controller over a modular robot design space. MetaMorph is based on the insight that robot morphology is just another modality on which we can condition the output of a Transformer. Through extensive experiments we demonstrate that large scale pre-training on a variety of robot morphologies results in policies with combinatorial generalization capabilities, including zero shot generalization to unseen robot morphologies. We further demonstrate that our pre-trained policy can be used for sample-efficient transfer to completely new robot morphologies and tasks.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Transformer Transformer: A Unified Model for Motion-Conditioned Robot Co-design

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A single diffusion transformer trains on tokenized robot bodies and motions to generate and optimize robot designs for unseen rewards and trajectories, outpacing evolutionary search in speed and often in reward.

  2. UniVideo: Unified Understanding, Generation, and Editing for Videos

    cs.CV 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    UniVideo combines a frozen MLLM and a video DiT to unify video understanding, generation, in-context editing, visual prompting, and zero-shot free-form video edits under one instruction interface.

  3. UMI-on-Air: Embodiment-Aware Guidance for Embodiment-Agnostic Visuomotor Policies

    cs.RO 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Embodiment-Aware Diffusion Policy steers a UMI-trained diffusion policy with controller tracking-cost gradients at inference time, improving aerial manipulation success in simulation and real flights.

  4. Generalized Locomotion in Out-of-distribution Conditions with Robust Transformer

    cs.RO 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A transformer with body tokenization and consistent dropout generalizes to unseen leg damages and sensor noise while trained on limited dynamics and clean observations.

  5. AnyBody: A Benchmark Suite for Cross-Embodiment Manipulation

    cs.RO 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AnyBody is a benchmark suite that tests cross-embodiment manipulation generalization along interpolation, extrapolation, and composition axes, and finds zero-shot generalization to unseen robot bodies remains difficult.

  6. McARL:Morphology-Control-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Generalizable Quadrupedal Locomotion

    cs.RO 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A morphology-conditioned PPO policy trained only on the Unitree Go1 transfers zero-shot in simulation to Go2, A1 and Mini Cheetah, with the best variant reaching 3.5 m/s on the Go2.

  7. UniLegs: Universal Multi-Legged Robot Control through Morphology-Agnostic Policy Distillation

    cs.RO 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A two-stage teacher-student distillation produces a single Transformer policy that reaches 94.47% of specialist teacher reward on five training morphologies and 72.64% on an unseen quadruped.

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