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Cosmic strings
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The topic of cosmic strings provides a bridge between the physics of the very small and the very large. They are predicted by some unified theories of particle interactions. If they exist, they may help to explain some of the largest-scale structures seen in the Universe today. They are `topological defects' that may have been formed at phase transitions in the very early history of the Universe, analogous to those found in some condensed-matter systems --- vortex lines in liquid helium, flux tubes in type-II superconductors, or disclination lines in liquid crystals. In this review, we describe what they are, why they have been hypothesized and what their cosmological implications would be. The relevant background from the standard models of particle physics and cosmology is described in section 1. In section 2, we review the idea of symmetry breaking in field theories, and show how the defects formed are constrained by the topology of the manifold of degenerate vacuum states. We also discuss the different types of cosmic strings that can appear in different field theories. Section 3 is devoted to the dynamics of cosmic strings, and section 4 to their interaction with other fields. The formation and evolution of cosmic strings in the early Universe is the subject of section 5, while section 6 deals with their observational implications. Finally, the present status of the theory is reviewed in section 7.
Forward citations
Cited by 13 Pith papers
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Gravitational Wave-Induced Freeze-In of Fermionic Dark Matter
Stochastic gravitational waves induce 1-loop freeze-in production of fermionic dark matter via in-in formalism, potentially explaining the observed abundance more efficiently than conventional mechanisms.
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CosmoLattice 2.0
CosmoLattice v2.0 extends lattice cosmology simulations with non-minimal scalars, ALP–gauge couplings, defect networks, low-storage RK integrators, optimized GWs, and O(10) GPU speedups.
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Vacuum-induced current density from a magnetic flux threading a cosmic dispiration in $(D+1)$-dimensional spacetime
Vacuum of a charged scalar in a (D+1)-dimensional cosmic dispiration with magnetic flux induces both azimuthal and axial currents, the latter from helical torsion, with closed massive/massless expressions that reduce ...
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The art of simulating the early Universe. Part III: Scalar-Gauge-Fluid Dynamics
Detailed continuum-to-lattice schemes are given for perfect/imperfect fluids alone or coupled to scalars/gauges in FLRW, enabling self-consistent CosmoLattice simulations of early-Universe plasma dynamics and GWs.
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Cosmic string gravitational wave backgrounds at LISA: II. Reconstruction of conventional signals over astrophysical foregrounds
When realistic astrophysical foregrounds are included, LISA can reconstruct the cosmic-string tension to 10% precision only for Gμ ≳ 10^{-11}, 10^5 times larger than foreground-free forecasts.
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Dynamics of ($Z_N$) Domain Walls in SU(N) Gauge Theories
Numerical simulations of Z_3 and Z_4 domain-wall collisions show vortex-antivortex creation mediating mergers in SU(3) and energy-dependent outcomes in SU(4), establishing a dynamical role for topological strings.
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High-Quality Axion Dark Matter at Gravitational Wave Interferometers
In gauged U(1) completions enabling high-quality axion dark matter, cosmic string loops generate a stochastic gravitational wave background with an infrared break frequency that exceeds foregrounds above 10^14 GeV bre...
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Cosmic string gravitational wave backgrounds at LISA: I. Signal survey, template reconstruction, and model comparison
As provided, the manuscript body (random lasing) does not correspond to the abstract (cosmic string gravitational wave backgrounds at LISA), leaving the abstract's quantitative claims unsupported by any accessible text.
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Not-quite-primordial black holes seeded by cosmic string loops
Cosmic string loops moving through the early universe can seed halos that collapse into 10^5 solar mass black holes, potentially explaining JWST's little red dots.
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Inflationary interpretation of the gravitational-wave signal in the European Pulsar Timing Array DR2 with constraints
Constrains inflationary tensor parameters to fit the EPTA DR2 signal under CMB, BBN and LVK bounds, favoring radiation-era horizon re-entry but requiring low reheating temperatures.
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Upper Limits on the Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background from the first part of LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA's fourth Observing Run
No gravitational-wave background is detected in O1-O4a data; the new CBC-spectrum limit Ω_GW(25 Hz) = 2.0×10^-9 (95%) is 1.7x tighter and remains roughly 2-3x above the GWTC-4-predicted astrophysical background of 0.9×10^-9.
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Interpreting the KM3-230213A PeV Neutrino Event via Vector Dark Matter Decay and Its Multi-Messenger Signatures
A U(1)_X vector dark matter model explains the KM3-230213A PeV neutrino via DM decay and predicts a cosmic string gravitational wave background consistent with PTA observations, but with several parameters fitted to the data.
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Holographic entanglement entropy and complexity for the cosmological braneworld model
Time-dependent holographic entanglement entropy and complexity are computed perturbatively for braneworld FLRW universes with radiation, matter, and exotic matter by using time-dependent brane positions in black brane...
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