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All Languages Matter: On the Multilingual Safety of Large Language Models

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arxiv 2310.00905 v2 pith:IQSNFS6U submitted 2023-10-02 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords safetylanguagellmsmultilinguallanguagesmodelsnon-englishxsafety
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Safety lies at the core of developing and deploying large language models (LLMs). However, previous safety benchmarks only concern the safety in one language, e.g. the majority language in the pretraining data such as English. In this work, we build the first multilingual safety benchmark for LLMs, XSafety, in response to the global deployment of LLMs in practice. XSafety covers 14 kinds of commonly used safety issues across 10 languages that span several language families. We utilize XSafety to empirically study the multilingual safety for 4 widely-used LLMs, including both close-API and open-source models. Experimental results show that all LLMs produce significantly more unsafe responses for non-English queries than English ones, indicating the necessity of developing safety alignment for non-English languages. In addition, we propose several simple and effective prompting methods to improve the multilingual safety of ChatGPT by evoking safety knowledge and improving cross-lingual generalization of safety alignment. Our prompting method can significantly reduce the ratio of unsafe responses from 19.1% to 9.7% for non-English queries. We release our data at https://github.com/Jarviswang94/Multilingual_safety_benchmark.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    ROK-FORTRESS shows Korean-language prompts increase LLM safety suppression compared with English, while Korean geopolitical grounding often reduces that suppression, indicating translation-only evaluations miss langua...

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  4. Towards Robust Fact-Checking: A Multi-Agent System with Advanced Evidence Retrieval

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