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A Survey on Trustworthy LLM Agents: Threats and Countermeasures

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arxiv 2503.09648 v1 pith:ISXIHYE2 submitted 2025-03-12 cs.MA cs.CY

classification cs.MAcs.CY
keywords agentstrustworthinessagentllmstrustworthyenvironmentevolutionimplementation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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With the rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents and Multi-agent Systems (MAS) have significantly expanded the capabilities of LLM ecosystems. This evolution stems from empowering LLMs with additional modules such as memory, tools, environment, and even other agents. However, this advancement has also introduced more complex issues of trustworthiness, which previous research focused solely on LLMs could not cover. In this survey, we propose the TrustAgent framework, a comprehensive study on the trustworthiness of agents, characterized by modular taxonomy, multi-dimensional connotations, and technical implementation. By thoroughly investigating and summarizing newly emerged attacks, defenses, and evaluation methods for agents and MAS, we extend the concept of Trustworthy LLM to the emerging paradigm of Trustworthy Agent. In TrustAgent, we begin by deconstructing and introducing various components of the Agent and MAS. Then, we categorize their trustworthiness into intrinsic (brain, memory, and tool) and extrinsic (user, agent, and environment) aspects. Subsequently, we delineate the multifaceted meanings of trustworthiness and elaborate on the implementation techniques of existing research related to these internal and external modules. Finally, we present our insights and outlook on this domain, aiming to provide guidance for future endeavors.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  4. AgentSentinel: An End-to-End and Real-Time Security Defense Framework for Computer-Use Agents

    cs.CR 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AgentSentinel combines system-level tracing with LLM-based auditing to block 79.6% of attacks in the authors' 60-scenario computer-use agent benchmark.

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