Probing La-based nickelates with Ni 1s core-level photoelectron spectroscopy

We present a comparative Ni core level photoemission study of La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$, Nd$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$, and LaNiO$_3$ using both the Ni $2p$ and the Ni $1s$. We address the challenges in analyzing the widely investigated Ni $2p$ spectra arising from the substantial overlap in energy of the Ni $2p$ with the La $3d$. We show that on the other hand the deep Ni $1s$ core level does provide a clean view on the intrinsic electronic excitations and we highlight its potential to resolve detailed differences in the electronic structure within the strongly correlated Ruddlesden-Popper series La$_{n+1}$Ni$_n$O$_{3n+1}$.