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arxiv 2112.13345 v1 pith:KB4P5HGL submitted 2021-12-26 quant-ph cs.LOmath.LO

Resource dependent undecidability: computability landscape of distinct Turing theories

classification quant-ph cs.LOmath.LO
keywords theoriesproblemresourcesturingclassicalhaltingquantumanswer
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Can a problem undecidable with classical resources be decidable with quantum ones? The answer expected is no; as both being Turing theories, they should not solve the Halting problem - a problem unsolvable by any Turing machine. Yet, we provide an affirmative answer to the aforesaid question. We come up with a novel logical structure to formulate infinitely many such problems for any pair of distinct Turing theories, including but not limited to the classical and quantum theories. Importantly, a class of other decision problems, such as the Halting one, remains unsolvable in all those theories. The apparent paradoxical situation gets resolved once it is perceived that the reducibility of Halting problem changes with varying resources available for computations in different theories. In the end, we propose a multi-agent game where winnability of the player having access to only classical resources is undecidable while quantum resources provide a perfect winning strategy.

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