Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:19.992896Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 55 of 55 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.14728.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:12:19.992896Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-14T17:13:05.029915Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T16:55:51.100097Z
55 of 55 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 69c54acb-57f0-445b-8212-5f0288b8824d · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models https://openai.com/index/ o3-o4-mini-system-card/
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 709c6158-51fd-4c95-ad92-bb359cd88678 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Phi-3 technical report: A highly capable language model locally on your phone, 2024
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation cb878fe9-99c1-4260-bf22-03713526cc63 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Moral foundations of large language models
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation ffe84e02-51ac-41ad-847f-c37b62e49b80 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7f430437-e1eb-4231-b557-2a6a2f577e8c · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning.Advances in neural information processing systems, 35:23716–23736, 2022
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f96a0eeb-4ae3-4f58-8700-7ff0a717c18f · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Qwen2.5-vl technical report, 2025
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e21ad921-79a6-4560-9b7f-864dd3f762ce · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models PhysBench: Benchmarking and Enhancing Vision-Language Models for Physical World Understanding
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ee004ead-b71e-40fc-a95c-4d62110fd693 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Hwang, Vered Shwartz, Maarten Sap, and Yejin Choi
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation bae030fc-1e11-49fb-8a52-b4eb76d50b92 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Bias and fairness in large language models: A survey.Computational Linguistics, 50(3):1097–1179, 2024
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation e515466c-904e-4363-8bc7-96c67a732e86 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5b7b337b-6479-4a48-9d14-df09529ac4f2 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Vision-language models for medical report generation and visual question answering: a review.Frontiers Artif
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 00de06b7-7a29-4171-aaf5-6d18de968840 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Aligning AI With Shared Human Values
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4667ec0c-e44e-4920-9ddf-7df2f61c3643 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models VIV A: A benchmark for vision-grounded decision- making with human values
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 9f9c8c3b-2d1c-49df-8dce-6a8fd9aeec7a · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models MoralBench: Moral Evaluation of LLMs
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4b954804-cd0c-4965-863f-153d8a798efd · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Sadhu, Zhuochun Li, Xizhi Wu, Shyam Visweswaran, and Yanshan Wang
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ed6fa2f3-ea77-4374-93e2-54deabb4d931 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Hwang, Chandra Bhagavatula, Ronan Le Bras, Jenny T
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 53b31994-4b33-49ec-9381-45a65692a955 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Gemma 3 Technical Report
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5b1965c8-f662-47ef-bdfe-ebcf74d3cc6b · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models who’s in charge?
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation d3b5e48f-6f1e-4c53-b538-15c089093aea · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models VHELM: A holistic evaluation of vision language models
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 339ff9cc-2a43-4698-9d07-beedbb09b262 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Blip: Bootstrapping language- image pre-training for unified vision-language understanding and generation
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a8bb5fc2-aa67-4e34-8b07-eb12c39701d7 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models A Survey of State of the Art Large Vision Language Models: Alignment, Benchmark, Evaluations and Challenges
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7f534474-be04-445f-938b-e9b47c973840 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Llava-next: Improved reasoning, ocr, and world knowledge, January 2024
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2e4087de-25b5-46c3-8c5d-e6bfbc006d20 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Visual instruction tuning, 2023
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 38f030b5-9840-471f-9130-9962d27eb99d · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cb1d06c0-541e-409b-850d-909f5060400c · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f003b04a-6971-4969-8754-6086c57a13cc · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models VILA-M3: Enhancing Vision-Language Models with Medical Expert Knowledge
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fb6c4602-bcf8-4ce8-854c-0d28c50beec3 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Autonomy and the personal: Negotiation and social reciprocity in adult-child social exchanges.New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1996(73):7–24, 1996
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation eb548ee1-65e4-4b4b-add5-7d922644a5f3 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Gpt-4o system card, 2024
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c0844496-67d9-4e2d-86d7-89ccbdbc72cc · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models VLP: vision language planning for autonomous driving
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 47d78f53-3927-47d1-8656-68533d1ca6eb · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation df1ecbe7-51c6-4984-aab1-82b70ddb84c2 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models BiasDora: Exploring Hidden Biased Associations in Vision-Language Models
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7faabbab-56bd-48a9-9ff8-6285daf47db3 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Alignment in multimodal interaction: An integrative framework.Cognitive science, 44(11):e12911, 2020
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 705a27f1-8155-48a1-bced-203f77c67ae4 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Children’s recognition of fairness and others’ welfare in a resource allocation task: Age related changes.Developmental psychology, 52(8):1307, 2016
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation d9ff8e44-dc7e-47ec-8eb8-f4a264d00f63 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Object Hallucination in Image Captioning
Reference 34
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a95c403e-104d-4b37-9dd0-3628136e8efc · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Evaluating the moral beliefs encoded in llms.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:51778–51809, 2023
Reference 35
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation efcb1f84-73be-45ab-bee7-331f35c55cfa · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Assessment of Multimodal Large Language Models in Alignment with Human Values
Reference 37
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8d0c7b07-ed3f-4723-9705-14c62befa2db · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Enhanc- ing the learning experience: Using vision-language models to generate questions for educational videos, 2025
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 5aca6c83-7645-4eed-8adb-1adb8550ab2e · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Consensus, dissensus and synergy between clinicians and specialist foundation models in radiology report generation
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation abe62b63-d55b-4beb-a05b-268bdb4ddee4 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation df801480-c548-4441-9025-ee98a7f62239 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Qwen3, April 2025
Reference 41
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2b3d4e0f-a390-4c3b-b70b-54618d125bf4 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models DriveVLM: The Convergence of Autonomous Driving and Large Vision-Language Models
Reference 42
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e38de88f-3851-433e-bb45-eaf611ea958d · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Mothers’ and teachers’ home and school rules: Young children’s conceptions of authority in context.Merrill- Palmer Quarterly (1982-), pages 168–187, 2000
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 9e5a4e11-6f7d-4ad7-aa8e-27057cb0e0dc · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Cambridge University Press, 1983
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 59033d5e-a6b4-47c0-a8e8-bbe993909bdc · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Qwen2-vl: Enhancing vision- language model’s perception of the world at any resolution, 2024
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e421fb76-c93e-4f1e-a934-ae502c8a2cee · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models MM-MoralBench: A MultiModal Moral Evaluation Benchmark for Large Vision-Language Models
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6247ff6e-a531-4f58-83b3-40c1f9f92fe5 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models SafeBench: A Safety Evaluation Framework for Multimodal Large Language Models
Reference 47
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 96413ef0-d50d-458b-804f-5b318b1872fb · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools
Reference 48
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ca270acd-e4c9-4a06-a681-0e42971ac8a1 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Vision-language models for vision tasks: A survey.IEEE Trans
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1b37e9cb-758c-4031-a2f7-7ac51b1433c7 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models SPA-VL: A Comprehensive Safety Preference Alignment Dataset for Vision Language Model
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9f814761-a1d2-446c-956c-2a728ce58cc0 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Towards foundation-model- based multiagent system to accelerate ai for social impact.AAMAS, 2025
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 86409ce7-7f70-4662-b506-21a77ea138f6 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Vlmbench: A com- positional benchmark for vision-and-language manipulation.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 35:665–678, 2022
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation ce756c4f-ad3b-4275-9c8a-fb2bd18c05fc · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Vlstereoset: A study of stereotypical bias in pre- trained vision-language models
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1fd49326-55f9-4f60-a716-8a79f653e058 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Vision language models in autonomous driving: A survey and outlook.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 2024
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b5581d2c-e75f-4da7-b492-357d8be1a4d4 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models Internvl3: Exploring advanced training and test-time recipes for open-source multimodal models, 2025
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation bc199ec7-3479-405b-9e3c-39ed9d851538 · outbound
MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models The Moral Integrity Corpus: A Benchmark for Ethical Dialogue Systems
Reference 56
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f44f9991-4d40-40c7-a0ea-43101e1a3ae2 · inbound
Mixture of Sequence: Theme-Aware Mixture-of-Experts for Long-Sequence Recommendation MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models
Reference 72
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation a7d3d776-fd89-4673-bc77-85783c5befb1 · inbound
NormAct: Benchmarking Embodied Agents' Proactive Compliance with Unspoken Social Norms MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation c25df00d-2f56-48d8-b9d6-5e911f25d718 · inbound
NormAct: Benchmarking Embodied Agents' Proactive Compliance with Unspoken Social Norms MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Models
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.