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Learning to Act without Actions

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arxiv 2312.10812 v2 pith:ONKWQES7 submitted 2023-12-17 cs.LG cs.AI

classification cs.LGcs.AI
keywords modelspoliciesactionlapovideosamountsdatadynamics
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Pre-training large models on vast amounts of web data has proven to be an effective approach for obtaining powerful, general models in domains such as language and vision. However, this paradigm has not yet taken hold in reinforcement learning. This is because videos, the most abundant form of embodied behavioral data on the web, lack the action labels required by existing methods for imitating behavior from demonstrations. We introduce Latent Action Policies (LAPO), a method for recovering latent action information, and thereby latent-action policies, world models, and inverse dynamics models, purely from videos. LAPO is the first method able to recover the structure of the true action space just from observed dynamics, even in challenging procedurally-generated environments. LAPO enables training latent-action policies that can be rapidly fine-tuned into expert-level policies, either offline using a small action-labeled dataset, or online with rewards. LAPO takes a first step towards pre-training powerful, generalist policies and world models on the vast amounts of videos readily available on the web.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. DWM: Separating World Effects from Actions in Latent World Models

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A training-time 'world head' that is action-invariant, plus an orthogonality constraint, improves CEM planning in latent world models when environments have persistent action-independent dynamics (average +13.1 pp on ...

  2. Causally Debiased Latent Action Model for Embodied Action Conditioned World Models

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Three lightweight LAM fine-tuning objectives (foreground-weighted reconstruction, primitive contrastive learning, zero-transition calibration) debias latent actions and yield stronger, cheaper robot-action following i...

  3. Factored Latent Action World Models

    cs.LG 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    FLAM splits a scene into separate factors, each with its own latent action, and reports better video prediction and downstream policy learning than monolithic latent-action models.

  4. Latent Activation Editing: Inference-Time Refinement of Learned Policies for Safer Multirobot Navigation

    cs.RO 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Editing a frozen RL policy's latent activations at inference time, using a collision world model, cuts collisions by about 90% on a curated set of hard multirotor scenarios and on real Crazyflies.

  5. Latent Action Learning Requires Supervision in the Presence of Distractors

    cs.CV 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Latent action models need at least a small amount of action supervision to learn useful actions when observations contain distractors, as shown on the Distracting Control Suite.

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