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Fact-Checking Complex Claims with Program-Guided Reasoning

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arxiv 2305.12744 v1 pith:PAA4X2GQ submitted 2023-05-22 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords fact-checkingreasoningclaimscomplexprocessprogramfcdataevidence
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Fact-checking real-world claims often requires collecting multiple pieces of evidence and applying complex multi-step reasoning. In this paper, we present Program-Guided Fact-Checking (ProgramFC), a novel fact-checking model that decomposes complex claims into simpler sub-tasks that can be solved using a shared library of specialized functions. We first leverage the in-context learning ability of large language models to generate reasoning programs to guide the verification process. Afterward, we execute the program by delegating each sub-task to the corresponding sub-task handler. This process makes our model both explanatory and data-efficient, providing clear explanations of its reasoning process and requiring minimal training data. We evaluate ProgramFC on two challenging fact-checking datasets and show that it outperforms seven fact-checking baselines across different settings of evidence availability, with explicit output programs that benefit human debugging. Our codes and data are publicly available at https://github.com/mbzuai-nlp/ProgramFC.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    cs.SI 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

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  2. Decoding Memories: An Efficient Pipeline for Self-Consistency Hallucination Detection

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A decoding pipeline reuses cached tokens and anneals sampling temperature to accelerate self-consistency hallucination detection by up to 3x without meaningful AUROC loss.

  3. SUCEA: Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval for Adversarial Fact-checking through Claim Decomposition and Editing

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    SUCEA improves adversarial fact-checking by decomposing claims into atomic sub-claims, editing each sub-claim toward retrieved evidence, and re-retrieving before predicting the final label.

  4. Recon, Answer, Verify: Agents in Search of Truth

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Removing annotator cues from fact-checking evidence lowers LLM scores substantially, and a three-agent question-answering pipeline, RAV, outperforms several published fact-checking baselines.

  5. RealFactBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Real-World Fact-Checking

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A new 6K-claim benchmark evaluates LLMs and multimodal LLMs on real-world fact-checking with an explicit 'unknown' option and shows web search and multimodal input improve performance.

  6. LRCTI: A Large Language Model-Based Framework for Multi-Step Evidence Retrieval and Reasoning in Cyber Threat Intelligence Credibility Verification

    cs.CR 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    LRCTI uses an LLM to summarize threat reports, retrieve evidence in several rounds, and judge each claim credible or incredible, reporting strong F1 gains on CTI-200 and PolitiFact.

  7. AI-Generated Content in Cross-Domain Applications: Research Trends, Challenges and Propositions

    cs.AI 2025-09 conditional novelty 2.0 of 10

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