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Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges. Summary of the QC4HEP Working Group
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Quantum computers offer an intriguing path for a paradigmatic change of computing in the natural sciences and beyond, with the potential for achieving a so-called quantum advantage, namely a significant (in some cases exponential) speed-up of numerical simulations. The rapid development of hardware devices with various realizations of qubits enables the execution of small scale but representative applications on quantum computers. In particular, the high-energy physics community plays a pivotal role in accessing the power of quantum computing, since the field is a driving source for challenging computational problems. This concerns, on the theoretical side, the exploration of models which are very hard or even impossible to address with classical techniques and, on the experimental side, the enormous data challenge of newly emerging experiments, such as the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In this roadmap paper, led by CERN, DESY and IBM, we provide the status of high-energy physics quantum computations and give examples for theoretical and experimental target benchmark applications, which can be addressed in the near future. Having the IBM 100 x 100 challenge in mind, where possible, we also provide resource estimates for the examples given using error mitigated quantum computing.
Forward citations
Cited by 12 Pith papers
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Binary Gauss Stabilizers for Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
Binary Gauss stabilizers provide a non-Pauli stabilizer description of the physical subspace of Z_{2^η} lattice gauge theories, enabling bit-flip error correction and gauge fixing from gauge constraints alone.
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Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers
Quantum hardware simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge thermalization matches classical extrapolations up to 101 plaquettes after error mitigation, establishing feasibility for chaotic quantum field systems.
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Quantum simulation of scattering amplitudes and interferences in perturbative QCD
A quantum circuit encodes QCD colour factors and diagram interferences in a measurement probability, with permuted identical-particle diagrams generated by swap sorting networks.
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Realizing Error Suppression in Partially Fault-Tolerant Quantum Simulations with IBM Quantum Computers
Partially fault-tolerant [[4,2,2]] Iceberg-code simulations on ibm_boston improve local Ising observables over unencoded baselines by a few percent in 1D and over 200% in 2D at late times via Observable-Ranked Postselection.
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Hardware-efficient quantum simulation of intense-field QED
Hybrid trapped-ion circuits simulate nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production in intense-field QED with polynomial gate scaling; zero-noise extrapolation recovers photon-survival and pair signals under experimental noise.
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Ground state preparation in $(2+1)$-dimensional pure $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory via deterministic quantum imaginary time evolution
Deterministic QITE with a Gauss-law-reduced Pauli pool reproduces DMRG ground-state energies of (2+1)-D pure Z2 lattice gauge theory to within 0.1% for ladders of up to 32 qubits and coupling λ ∈ [0.5, 5].
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Scaling and Luescher Term in a non-Abelian (2+1)d SU$(2)$ Quantum Link Model
In an SU(2) quantum link model on a hexagonal lattice, the static quark potential shows a coupling-dependent Lüscher term and logarithmically growing string width, indicating a rough confining string with no continuum limit.
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Quantum simulation of real-time current correlators and DIS-inspired observables in the Schwinger model
The hadronic tensor and longitudinal structure function of the massive Schwinger model are computed from real-time current–current correlators using tensor networks and quantum circuits, benchmarked against exact diag...
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Quantum computation of hadron scattering in a lattice gauge theory
On a trapped-ion quantum computer, the authors prepared multiple meson wave packets and simulated their early-time collisions in a 1+1D Z2 lattice gauge theory.
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Observation of Robust and Coherent Non-Abelian Hadron Dynamics on Noisy Quantum Processors
A 60-site SU(2) lattice gauge theory was run on 120 qubits, but the implemented dynamics approximate to non-interacting fermion hopping, and the abstract's claimed breathing-mode frequency is not extracted anywhere.
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Qubit Regularization of Quantum Field Theories
Asymptotically free QFTs can appear as crossover phenomena from decoupled critical points in finite-dimensional qubit models, and a monomer-dimer-tensor-network basis offers new qubit-regularized lattice gauge theories.
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Quantum algorithms for the simulation of QCD processes in the perturbative regime
Quantum circuits for the colour algebra of perturbative QCD are presented and validated on a simulator, matching analytic colour factors for example diagrams.
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