Monthly GDP Growth Estimates for the U.S. States

This paper develops a mixed frequency vector autoregressive (MF-VAR) model to produce nowcasts and historical estimates of monthly real state-level GDP for the 50 U.S. states, plus Washington DC, from 1964 through the present day. The MF-VAR model incorporates state and U.S. data at the monthly, quarterly, and annual frequencies. Temporal and cross-sectional constraints are imposed to ensure that the monthly state-level estimates are consistent with official estimates of quarterly GDP at the U.S. and state-levels. We illustrate the utility of the historical estimates in better understanding state business cycles and cross-state dependencies. We show how the model produces accurate nowcasts of state GDP three months ahead of the BEA's quarterly estimates, after conditioning on the latest estimates of U.S. GDP.