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PixelFlow: Pixel-Space Generative Models with Flow

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arxiv 2504.07963 v1 pith:QQMRFNGD submitted 2025-04-10 cs.CV

classification cs.CV
keywords modelspixelflowgenerationimageachievesflowpixelspace
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We present PixelFlow, a family of image generation models that operate directly in the raw pixel space, in contrast to the predominant latent-space models. This approach simplifies the image generation process by eliminating the need for a pre-trained Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and enabling the whole model end-to-end trainable. Through efficient cascade flow modeling, PixelFlow achieves affordable computation cost in pixel space. It achieves an FID of 1.98 on 256$\times$256 ImageNet class-conditional image generation benchmark. The qualitative text-to-image results demonstrate that PixelFlow excels in image quality, artistry, and semantic control. We hope this new paradigm will inspire and open up new opportunities for next-generation visual generation models. Code and models are available at https://github.com/ShoufaChen/PixelFlow.

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Cited by 17 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. SPAE: Spectrally Guided Autoencoder for Pretrained Visual Latents

    cs.CV 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    SPAE compresses pretrained vision latents into a 64-channel bottleneck with channel-wise masking, improving image generation while keeping reconstruction and semantic understanding strong.

  2. A Frozen Pixel-Space Diffusion Model Can Guide Itself with Its Own Samples

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Training a small adapter on a frozen pixel diffusion model's own samples and extrapolating the final prediction away from the adapter's intermediate prediction improves FID on ImageNet.

  3. Representation Forcing for Bottleneck-Free Unified Multimodal Models

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.5 of 10

    Representation Forcing lets a UMM decoder autoregressively predict its own understanding representations as in-context tokens that guide pixel-space diffusion, matching VAE-based generation without an external latent space.

  4. VoxStruct3D: Structure-Leading Flow Matching for Voxel-Space 3D MRI Synthesis

    cs.CV 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A voxel-space flow-matching model with overlapping volumetric decoding and structure-first guidance achieves state-of-the-art quality on 3D T1 brain MRI synthesis.

  5. WaiT for the Signal: Simple Frequency-Aware Flow-Matching

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    WaiT delays high-frequency wavelet bands in flow-matching image generation until coarse structure emerges, improving quality and cutting compute, with a reported SOTA FID of 1.30 on ImageNet 512.

  6. Twins: Learn to Predict Unified Representations with Focal Loss

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Channel-wise concatenation of SigLIP2 and Flux VAE features into one token, trained with a focal-style flow-matching loss, yields a unified representation with 1.59 gFID on ImageNet 256 and VAE-level reconstruction.

  7. DuSPiT: Dual-Branch Sub-Patch Pixel Diffusion Transformer

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    DuSPiT splits pixel diffusion into a compact global-structure branch and a high-capacity subpatch detail branch, reaching ImageNet-512 FID 1.52 at 329 GFLOPs, below JiT-G/32 (1.78).

  8. PixGS: Pixel-Space Diffusion for Direct 3D Gaussian Splat Generation

    cs.CV 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    PixGS is a single-stage pixel-space diffusion model that directly produces high-quality 3D Gaussian Splats from text or images in ~1s, outperforming multi-stage latent methods on standard benchmarks.

  9. MIMFlow: Integrating Masked Image Modeling with Normalizing Flows for End-to-End Image Generation

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    MIMFlow uses a VAE on masked images to feed semantic latents to a normalizing flow while a decoder handles high-frequency details, reporting FID 2.50 and 71.3% linear probing on ImageNet 256x256 with 128 tokens.

  10. SRC-Flow: Compact Semantic Representations Enable Normalizing Flows for Image Generation

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    SRC-Flow compresses RAE features via a Semantic Representation Compressor into a low-dimensional space, enabling normalizing flows to reach gFID 1.65 on ImageNet 256x256 and 2.07 on 512x512 while retaining exact likelihoods.

  11. FREPix: Frequency-Heterogeneous Flow Matching for Pixel-Space Image Generation

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    FREPix generates images by transporting low- and high-frequency wavelet components along separate schedules, reaching 1.91 FID on ImageNet 256×256.

  12. Cross-Resolution Distribution Matching for Diffusion Distillation

    cs.CV 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Cross-resolution distribution matching with logSNR timestep alignment and predicted-noise re-injection enables high-fidelity few-step multi-resolution cascaded diffusion distillation.

  13. Trainable Log-linear Sparse Attention for Efficient Diffusion Transformers

    cs.CV 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLSA uses hierarchical top-K selection plus coarse-token enrichment to make diffusion-transformer attention O(N log N), giving about 6x faster training at 256x256 pixel resolution with FID comparable to full attention.

  14. PixNerd: Pixel Neural Field Diffusion

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PixNerd is a single-stage pixel-space diffusion transformer that uses predicted neural field weights to decode large patches, reaching 2.15 FID on ImageNet 256 without a VAE.

  15. STEREOFLOW: Progressive Stereo Matching with StereoDiT and Transition Flow Matching

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A hybrid stereo-matching model uses a cascade matching network to propose disparities and a diffusion transformer to refine ambiguous regions; it claims state-of-the-art benchmark results.

  16. Learning on the Manifold: Unlocking Standard Diffusion Transformers with Representation Encoders

    cs.LG 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Training flow matching along sphere geodesics with a curvature-aware loss weight lets standard DiT-B converge on DINOv2 features (FID 3.37 with guidance), contradicting the need for width scaling.

  17. Pixel-Space Diffusion Transformers

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A systematic review of pixel-space diffusion transformers, categorizing architectures and challenges for end-to-end image generation without latent compression.

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