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Lensing of gravitational waves as a probe of compact dark matter
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abstract
We study gravitational lensing of gravitational waves from compact object binaries as a probe of compact dark matter (DM) objects such as primordial black holes. Assuming a point mass lens, we perform parameter estimation of lensed gravitational wave signals from compact object binaries to determine the detectability of the lens with ground based laser interferometers. Then, considering binary populations that LIGO-Virgo has been probing, we derive a constraint on the abundance of compact DM from non-observation of lensed events. We find that the LIGO-Virgo observations imply that compact objects heavier than $M_l = 200M_\odot$ can not constitute all DM and less than $40\%$ of DM can be in compact objects heavier than $M_l = 400M_\odot$. We also show that the DM fraction in compact objects can be probed by LIGO in its final sensitivity for $M_l > 40M_\odot$ reaching $2\%$ of the DM abundance at $M_l > 200M_\odot$, and by ET for $M_l > 1M_\odot$ reaching DM fraction as low as $7\times 10^{-5}$ at $M_l > 40M_\odot$.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Across the Universe: GW231123 as a magnified and diffracted black hole merger
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Identifying Microlensing by Compact Dark Matter through Diffraction Patterns in Gravitational Waves with Machine Learning
A wavelet-convolution neural network distinguishes simulated lensed from unlensed gravitational waves with 92.2% accuracy (AUC 0.965) using wave-optics diffraction patterns.
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Simulated cosmic-string lensing of binary black holes predicts Einstein Telescope would detect the events and infer Gµ ≈ 1e-10, though the source geometry is assumed ad hoc.
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Discovering gravitational waveform distortions from lensing: A deep dive into GW231123
GW231123's apparent gravitational-lensing signal has a false-alarm probability around 4σ, so the event cannot be claimed as lensed under the two-image wave-optics model.
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Accelerated inference of microlensed gravitational waves with machine learning
A neural posterior estimator trained on wave-optics-microlensed gravitational-wave signals recovers source and lens parameters and Bayes factors consistent with Bilby, about 10 times faster.
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Using Fisher forecasts, the paper shows that joint ET and DECIGO observations of one lensed gravitational wave can break the degeneracy between lens mass, impact parameter, and halo core size.
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