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Quantum Simulation for High Energy Physics
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It is for the first time that Quantum Simulation for High Energy Physics (HEP) is studied in the U.S. decadal particle-physics community planning, and in fact until recently, this was not considered a mainstream topic in the community. This fact speaks of a remarkable rate of growth of this subfield over the past few years, stimulated by the impressive advancements in Quantum Information Sciences (QIS) and associated technologies over the past decade, and the significant investment in this area by the government and private sectors in the U.S. and other countries. High-energy physicists have quickly identified problems of importance to our understanding of nature at the most fundamental level, from tiniest distances to cosmological extents, that are intractable with classical computers but may benefit from quantum advantage. They have initiated, and continue to carry out, a vigorous program in theory, algorithm, and hardware co-design for simulations of relevance to the HEP mission. This community whitepaper is an attempt to bring this exciting and yet challenging area of research to the spotlight, and to elaborate on what the promises, requirements, challenges, and potential solutions are over the next decade and beyond.
Forward citations
Cited by 12 Pith papers
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Universality of Magic in Local Quantum Field Theory
In any local QFT, vacuum-like states have non-flat entanglement spectra because local algebras are type III₁, so no stabilizer state can flow to them in the continuum: QFT states necessarily carry magic.
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Binary Gauss Stabilizers for Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
Binary Gauss stabilizers provide a non-Pauli stabilizer description of the physical subspace of Z_{2^η} lattice gauge theories, enabling bit-flip error correction and gauge fixing from gauge constraints alone.
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Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers
Quantum hardware simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge thermalization matches classical extrapolations up to 101 plaquettes after error mitigation, establishing feasibility for chaotic quantum field systems.
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Quantum simulation of scattering amplitudes and interferences in perturbative QCD
A quantum circuit encodes QCD colour factors and diagram interferences in a measurement probability, with permuted identical-particle diagrams generated by swap sorting networks.
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Arbitrary-Distance Quantum Error Correction with Gauss's Law for $\mathbb Z_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory
Gauss's law constraints in Z2 lattice gauge theory can be made into quantum error-correcting codes of arbitrary distance, with provably optimal encoding rate within the constructed family.
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Realizing Error Suppression in Partially Fault-Tolerant Quantum Simulations with IBM Quantum Computers
Partially fault-tolerant [[4,2,2]] Iceberg-code simulations on ibm_boston improve local Ising observables over unencoded baselines by a few percent in 1D and over 200% in 2D at late times via Observable-Ranked Postselection.
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Deep inelastic scattering as a probe of entanglement: the complete QCD dipole cascade
The Shannon entropy of dipole multiplicities from the full Levin–Lublinsky equation in DIS reproduces the H1 hadron entropy, growing linearly with ln(1/x) and described by S = ln(2/3⟨n⟩) + 0.85.
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Hardware-efficient quantum simulation of intense-field QED
Hybrid trapped-ion circuits simulate nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production in intense-field QED with polynomial gate scaling; zero-noise extrapolation recovers photon-survival and pair signals under experimental noise.
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Ground state preparation in $(2+1)$-dimensional pure $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory via deterministic quantum imaginary time evolution
Deterministic QITE with a Gauss-law-reduced Pauli pool reproduces DMRG ground-state energies of (2+1)-D pure Z2 lattice gauge theory to within 0.1% for ladders of up to 32 qubits and coupling λ ∈ [0.5, 5].
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The Practicality of Randomized Quantum Linear Systems Solvers
A randomized Fourier-series quantum linear-systems solver needs on the order of 10^15 non-Clifford gates even for a 4×4 matrix with condition number 100, making the scheme impractical despite formally bounded errors.
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Finite size scaling of bitstring probability distributions for Rydberg arrays
Cumulative bitstring probabilities for Rydberg-ladder vacua collapse onto a Fermi-like form in −ln(p), and the shots needed to suppress the low-p tail scale exponentially with system size.
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Observation of Inelastic Meson Scattering in a Floquet System using a Digital Quantum Simulator
An 8-qubit superconducting processor observed two short-string mesons merging into a longer string meson, demonstrating inelastic meson scattering in a Floquet Z2 lattice gauge theory model.
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