Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 22 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2304.06588.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2304.06588 v1

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 22 of 22 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 22 of 22 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T16:37:34.817466Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

159
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation e5212793-9c78-486d-ad0a-03105948806d · inbound

LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methods cites this paper.

LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methods ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 225

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T23:08:35.479171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 980645f7-5499-479a-af4d-577f75dc5645 · inbound

Scaling Public Health Text Annotation: Zero-Shot Learning vs. Crowdsourcing for Improved Efficiency and Labeling Accuracy cites this paper.

Scaling Public Health Text Annotation: Zero-Shot Learning vs. Crowdsourcing for Improved Efficiency and Labeling Accuracy ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T16:37:34.817466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c76361e4-ae80-4c0c-95e4-8c7af174b32e · inbound

Contrastive Learning on LLM Back Generation Treebank for Cross-domain Constituency Parsing cites this paper.

Contrastive Learning on LLM Back Generation Treebank for Cross-domain Constituency Parsing ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:48:01.230950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f5e9a53-28fc-494a-b246-5746ac0c8b23 · inbound

Enterprise Large Language Model Evaluation Benchmark cites this paper.

Enterprise Large Language Model Evaluation Benchmark ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 80

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:56:36.982426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04e7cc53-d0fb-4a22-a6a7-203dd014290e · inbound

VIDEE: Visual and Interactive Decomposition, Execution, and Evaluation of Text Analytics with Intelligent Agents cites this paper.

VIDEE: Visual and Interactive Decomposition, Execution, and Evaluation of Text Analytics with Intelligent Agents ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 55

Resolution: malformed identifier; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T09:37:13.947049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 59040f85-48c5-497d-aad7-46160ca8301d · inbound

Reliable Annotations with Less Effort: Evaluating LLM-Human Collaboration in Search Clarifications cites this paper.

Reliable Annotations with Less Effort: Evaluating LLM-Human Collaboration in Search Clarifications ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 66

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:19:35.155795Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f617e62e-2cc4-4c32-9390-477eee341451 · inbound

Co-DETECT: Collaborative Discovery of Edge Cases in Text Classification cites this paper.

Co-DETECT: Collaborative Discovery of Edge Cases in Text Classification ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:38:03.053513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a997ae47-04f7-4bde-bc9f-b312b4f62381 · inbound

Using AI to replicate human experimental results: a motion study cites this paper.

Using AI to replicate human experimental results: a motion study ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:37:30.503285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dcbc7af4-7396-47ac-af0c-8c98bf08cb4a · inbound

Large Language Models as Virtual Survey Respondents: Evaluating Sociodemographic Response Generation cites this paper.

Large Language Models as Virtual Survey Respondents: Evaluating Sociodemographic Response Generation ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T18:46:44.982483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c3e18d05-ae33-4a85-b2e2-3b3deade6c1a · inbound

The Shrinking Lifespan of LLMs in Science cites this paper.

The Shrinking Lifespan of LLMs in Science ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T07:16:08.002342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation cdd42a81-dc21-4f0c-b279-ce48f839cdcd · inbound

SPAGBias: Uncovering and Tracing Structured Spatial Gender Bias in Large Language Models cites this paper.

SPAGBias: Uncovering and Tracing Structured Spatial Gender Bias in Large Language Models ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 59

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T11:55:20.889485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9b81af61-74fc-42d7-80ed-d8b60b979952 · inbound

Evaluating LLMs as Human Surrogates in Controlled Experiments cites this paper.

Evaluating LLMs as Human Surrogates in Controlled Experiments ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T14:41:07.380401Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation cf2f500f-2cb7-43c8-9a70-655a262b25b7 · inbound

Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Social Media Analytics: A Multi-task Quest cites this paper.

Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Social Media Analytics: A Multi-task Quest ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 34

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T12:41:01.833119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ec97abe6-6ddf-4082-8291-a5d586bc0eed · inbound

Interpretable Discriminative Text Representations via Agreement and Label Disentanglement cites this paper.

Interpretable Discriminative Text Representations via Agreement and Label Disentanglement ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T05:49:41.165714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 78bf5773-d8f4-45b6-88f9-c78d81a0c483 · inbound

Characterizing initial human-AI proof formalization workflows cites this paper.

Characterizing initial human-AI proof formalization workflows ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 253

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T09:31:48.843176Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9177b4bc-02d2-4e39-a9ea-66f2121539a6 · inbound

What Prediction Markets Can See: Market Formation, Settlement Legibility, and the Geography of Tradable Uncertainty in Africa and Latin America cites this paper.

What Prediction Markets Can See: Market Formation, Settlement Legibility, and the Geography of Tradable Uncertainty in Africa and Latin America ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T17:08:43.282965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 71c9f953-1e08-4f65-92da-dec7f852ef5a · inbound

Improving Medical Communication using Rubric-Guided Counterfactual Recommendations cites this paper.

Improving Medical Communication using Rubric-Guided Counterfactual Recommendations ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 45

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T00:49:18.384689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 27e892b8-5115-49c5-a927-af038d0a724d · inbound

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel cites this paper.

The Model as One Rater Among Several: Measuring Political Positions in Data-Sparse Regions with a Language-Model Panel ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T12:39:49.403028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation bba0eb9c-0203-4792-9ecc-8639c8d81e69 · inbound

Structure Before Collapse: Transient semantic geometry in next-token prediction cites this paper.

Structure Before Collapse: Transient semantic geometry in next-token prediction ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 99

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T13:29:51.175154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 11a9d015-ef43-4192-9396-9e85480a3d59 · inbound

Using AI Agents to Automate Black-Box Audits of Personalization Algorithms at Scale cites this paper.

Using AI Agents to Automate Black-Box Audits of Personalization Algorithms at Scale ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 73

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T12:15:43.420459Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c4e0194b-c49c-45a2-9e2c-3ec645098500 · inbound

Demographic Prompting at Scale: When More Attributes Hurt LLM--Human Agreement cites this paper.

Demographic Prompting at Scale: When More Attributes Hurt LLM--Human Agreement ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T10:37:22.521896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f501d96-fc84-48d4-a778-600673394411 · inbound

When LLMs Over-Answer: Measuring and Mitigating Quality Issues in LLM-Based Hardware Description Language Question Answering cites this paper.

When LLMs Over-Answer: Measuring and Mitigating Quality Issues in LLM-Based Hardware Description Language Question Answering ChatGPT-4 Outperforms Experts and Crowd Workers in Annotating Political Twitter Messages with Zero-Shot Learning

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T19:12:13.721189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.