Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 57 of 57 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.15431.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.15431 v1

Coverage vector

measured 57 of 57 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.140926Z

measured 61 of 61 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T09:36:02.050940Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T08:29:42.348258Z

Reference resolution

57 of 57 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy30
unresolved27
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 4fc767db-6097-480f-9ca2-4ddd594bcfb2 · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Attention is all you need,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.305226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 6ebbe078-29a0-462c-900b-1f3447c35fda · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.876243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fefaf2c8-7c54-4ca4-9738-0c1ddb171429 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing ChatGPT,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Introducing ChatGPT,

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.881405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9494e2ce-983a-45e5-9bb6-823ad6b834f6 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing Microsoft 365 Copilot – your copilot for work,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Introducing Microsoft 365 Copilot – your copilot for work,

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.279681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 817d6e74-a2b4-472e-b454-6a2e4751f1eb · outbound

This paper cites The technology behind Amazon’s GenAI- powered shopping assistant, Rufus,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models The technology behind Amazon’s GenAI- powered shopping assistant, Rufus,

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.264444Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation f2c71ac7-8d0b-4a94-bc8c-3da225e1be67 · outbound

This paper cites Detecting pretraining data from large language models,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Detecting pretraining data from large language models,

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.248627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 5edc4450-bd60-4507-b0d3-b4f1e7f99866 · outbound

This paper cites Did the neurons read your book? document-level membership inference for large language models,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Did the neurons read your book? document-level membership inference for large language models,

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.900500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a24313a-098f-442d-bc47-c906a9da8801 · outbound

This paper cites Ex- tracting training data from large language models,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Ex- tracting training data from large language models,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.222299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 770c2767-ca8e-48b0-981a-c871d788ca57 · outbound

This paper cites Formalizing and benchmarking prompt injection attacks and defenses,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Formalizing and benchmarking prompt injection attacks and defenses,

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.207019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 42505ed7-5f82-459f-9b33-4015d6f274d3 · outbound

This paper cites What was your prompt? a remote keylogging attack on AI assistants,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models What was your prompt? a remote keylogging attack on AI assistants,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.192305Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 51b151f3-95cc-45aa-8ad1-c6211c9451fc · outbound

This paper cites The early bird catches the leak: Unveiling timing side channels in llm serving systems,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models The early bird catches the leak: Unveiling timing side channels in llm serving systems,

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.919249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58fb2d33-029e-48b9-a7ea-37b804a4cbbf · outbound

This paper cites Privacy risks of speculative decoding in large language models,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Privacy risks of speculative decoding in large language models,

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.923857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f154f0a-e1bc-45c1-b181-5d96c64b9d0d · outbound

This paper cites Language Model Tokenizers Introduce Unfairness Between Languages,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Language Model Tokenizers Introduce Unfairness Between Languages,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.176606Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation c22ec721-d6a9-491d-8177-b77865f7f43f · outbound

This paper cites Do all languages cost the same? tokenization in the era of commercial language models,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Do all languages cost the same? tokenization in the era of commercial language models,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.161473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation c58bba13-9721-44cc-9284-ca19dcdb87e4 · outbound

This paper cites Hello GPT-4o,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Hello GPT-4o,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.145711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 81f8e646-9ef8-42ab-b800-667f3e49469f · outbound

This paper cites Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.129633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 57e6aa42-f126-4925-9f22-1556ae7e7421 · outbound

This paper cites Google’s neural machine translation system: Bridging the gap between human and machine translation,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Google’s neural machine translation system: Bridging the gap between human and machine translation,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.114066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3b2f7418-a2ca-48aa-8f56-dd7d82e9bc24 · outbound

This paper cites Sentencepiece: A simple and lan- guage independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for neural text processing,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Sentencepiece: A simple and lan- guage independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for neural text processing,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.098362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4dd67faa-b667-44c6-aa12-575d2a2cffb2 · outbound

This paper cites Unpacking Tokenization: Evaluating Text Compression and its Correlation with Model Performance.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Unpacking Tokenization: Evaluating Text Compression and its Correlation with Model Performance

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.961112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8bdbf1eb-0ead-4b76-840b-8b552eb0524d · outbound

This paper cites Beyond English-Centric Multilingual Machine Translation.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Beyond English-Centric Multilingual Machine Translation

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.966104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 38ab4665-d6b2-4442-bff1-ad99c2c5a1b0 · outbound

This paper cites BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.971038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9cbe1ae1-dfa8-4638-8386-90e8ba6a1f01 · outbound

This paper cites Allocating Large Vocabulary Capacity for Cross-lingual Language Model Pre-training.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Allocating Large Vocabulary Capacity for Cross-lingual Language Model Pre-training

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.975986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fb3492fd-1ca1-4c4a-98c4-a6d9c8c9ae84 · outbound

This paper cites Scaffold-BPE: Enhancing Byte Pair Encoding for Large Language Models with Simple and Effective Scaffold Token Removal.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Scaffold-BPE: Enhancing Byte Pair Encoding for Large Language Models with Simple and Effective Scaffold Token Removal

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.981099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 75bb2bf0-81d9-4524-a0f9-c39fd929538e · outbound

This paper cites XLM-V: Overcoming the Vocabulary Bottleneck in Multilingual Masked Language Models.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models XLM-V: Overcoming the Vocabulary Bottleneck in Multilingual Masked Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.985728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e65e6c48-d6ec-4559-88b1-74b6de95500e · outbound

This paper cites Bert: Pre- training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understand- ing,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Bert: Pre- training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understand- ing,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.081716Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 8f1f1489-00f8-4edb-bbef-b318a0291e8d · outbound

This paper cites BERT for Joint Intent Classification and Slot Filling.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models BERT for Joint Intent Classification and Slot Filling

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.995038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 572906b0-fab9-44f4-bfb1-0389a3b3d64c · outbound

This paper cites BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.999898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8def37b8-da79-4099-9622-2d81f7306d7f · outbound

This paper cites Universal language model fine-tuning for text classification,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Universal language model fine-tuning for text classification,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.065902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 0d55fba5-e0e0-46ce-af83-53061a151aa6 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are few-shot learners,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Language models are few-shot learners,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.049968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 5f0fb55c-c055-4aa6-8f60-f2ba1bafc2b8 · outbound

This paper cites Calibrate before use: Improving few-shot performance of language models,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Calibrate before use: Improving few-shot performance of language models,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.033595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation bfbd5404-f0a2-4ad1-b8fa-0429ec14a1ea · outbound

This paper cites The Unreliability of Explanations in Few-shot Prompting for Textual Reasoning.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models The Unreliability of Explanations in Few-shot Prompting for Textual Reasoning

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.023057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1b5be227-a4b2-44b2-8b5e-c80e0584f84f · outbound

This paper cites Improving few-shot performance of language models via nearest neighbor calibration,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Improving few-shot performance of language models via nearest neighbor calibration,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.017735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 36916899-7c8b-402c-954f-c0e3bb460c46 · outbound

This paper cites Fairness-guided Few-shot Prompting for Large Language Models.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Fairness-guided Few-shot Prompting for Large Language Models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.038713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation acfb845f-c39d-4216-9959-8a15a4a9df1e · outbound

This paper cites Translate text by using adaptive translation.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Translate text by using adaptive translation

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:32.002129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 6da953c1-0819-429f-a852-446c60b3c8cd · outbound

This paper cites DeepL’s next-gen LLM outperforms ChatGPT-4, Google, and Microsoft for translation quality.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models DeepL’s next-gen LLM outperforms ChatGPT-4, Google, and Microsoft for translation quality

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.986383Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ec20d879-7c46-4c5b-beba-0f0b4fbd6abd · outbound

This paper cites General Data Protection Regulation - Article 4.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models General Data Protection Regulation - Article 4

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.970310Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 511a0d26-f357-4d02-b596-e3383580f659 · outbound

This paper cites Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the em algorithm,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the em algorithm,

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.056739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fac37505-f001-4a07-a93b-55863926f2b6 · outbound

This paper cites On a measure of divergence between two multinomial populations,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models On a measure of divergence between two multinomial populations,

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.061426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e601c6bb-4984-4234-a335-05efd1ff7b20 · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual Translation with Extensible Multilingual Pretraining and Finetuning.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Multilingual Translation with Extensible Multilingual Pretraining and Finetuning

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.065953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cdc011be-7cd0-4d8d-8a22-8a0d97e06062 · outbound

This paper cites Tower: An open multilingual large language model for translation-related tasks,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Tower: An open multilingual large language model for translation-related tasks,

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.953980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation d67fb694-9338-432c-a59d-2dd240bbb83f · outbound

This paper cites No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.079927Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0092e762-d580-4712-aabb-80e52290f14e · outbound

This paper cites Europarl: A parallel corpus for statistical machine translation,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Europarl: A parallel corpus for statistical machine translation,

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.938556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation cddb1f3d-0c21-402b-be01-f06dabde35e5 · outbound

This paper cites Einstein for Service.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Einstein for Service

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.922530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation bd0492a3-716a-495d-a607-6e482d13119f · outbound

This paper cites Med-PaLM: A Medical Large Language Model - Google Research.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Med-PaLM: A Medical Large Language Model - Google Research

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.906950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1ce73bde-bb62-48a9-9628-f1b3abc43f71 · outbound

This paper cites Super-naturalinstructions:generalization via declarative instructions on 1600+ tasks,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Super-naturalinstructions:generalization via declarative instructions on 1600+ tasks,

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.891840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 14415536-938a-486f-83ae-094030b9379c · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.104867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e159da0a-b0df-48f9-a014-2cf1e430eb6f · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving open language models at a practical size,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Gemma 2: Improving open language models at a practical size,

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.110706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5a86f428-12cf-45f6-9b71-ca8ec890c3bf · outbound

This paper cites Llama 3 model card,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Llama 3 model card,

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.115720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65acc5bd-fe7f-4732-8968-ead4c727b5f6 · outbound

This paper cites Orca: A distributed serving system for Transformer-Based generative models,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Orca: A distributed serving system for Transformer-Based generative models,

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.858121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 646ca870-d0e7-46ee-b1bf-dd63c1931621 · outbound

This paper cites Privacy side channels in machine learning systems,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Privacy side channels in machine learning systems,

Reference 50

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.842272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 674d2d26-8d9f-41c2-a021-1513c800c797 · outbound

This paper cites Rendered insecure: Gpu side channel attacks are practical,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Rendered insecure: Gpu side channel attacks are practical,

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.130538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1af5848d-5d4b-4272-b3b6-1743660da726 · outbound

This paper cites Leaky dnn: Stealing deep-learning model secret with gpu context-switching side- channel,.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Leaky dnn: Stealing deep-learning model secret with gpu context-switching side- channel,

Reference 52

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.827141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 9dbeaad4-fe15-4778-8ef6-405ef59bba42 · outbound

This paper cites Also, generate label ’no’ for offensive statements that appear to be unintentional or non-offensive statements that are underhandedly offensive.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Also, generate label ’no’ for offensive statements that appear to be unintentional or non-offensive statements that are underhandedly offensive

Reference 57

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.808551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 18b14d21-0a2f-4ac1-b8b4-7cc08b5ff101 · outbound

This paper cites Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Translation.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Translation

Reference 2016

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:30.951417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f30158c9-9111-4e8c-87ab-99c996a1f491 · outbound

This paper cites Calibrate Before Use: Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Models.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Calibrate Before Use: Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Models

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.018195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6ff7e294-a79b-476e-bc94-4d3988e01e7a · outbound

This paper cites Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Models via Nearest Neighbor Calibration.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Models via Nearest Neighbor Calibration

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.032859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f972a5f-d3ff-451e-aed9-5f49fa9249fc · outbound

This paper cites Tower: An Open Multilingual Large Language Model for Translation-Related Tasks.

Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models Tower: An Open Multilingual Large Language Model for Translation-Related Tasks

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:29:31.075174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation a0499bd1-41f8-48f2-8acd-5eddaf51ac9d · inbound

Security Considerations for Multi-agent Systems cites this paper.

Security Considerations for Multi-agent Systems Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models

Reference 242

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T14:15:55.398798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation efd4d034-f887-4f8b-b5de-cde5b86e16f0 · inbound

OTRO: Oblivious Tokenization Path with Square-Root ORAM cites this paper.

OTRO: Oblivious Tokenization Path with Square-Root ORAM Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T18:28:49.728735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation a9ba69d2-1cbc-4f00-8582-ddc3442e8493 · inbound

Investigating The Security of Modern AI and Cloud Infrastructure cites this paper.

Investigating The Security of Modern AI and Cloud Infrastructure Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models

Reference 148

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T08:29:42.349971Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation d4fe5736-c98f-447a-86bd-c0fc3b0f9a93 · inbound

Leaky Language Models: Stealing Architecture and Inference Optimizations via Per-Token Timing cites this paper.

Leaky Language Models: Stealing Architecture and Inference Optimizations via Per-Token Timing Time Will Tell: Timing Side Channels via Output Token Count in Large Language Models

Reference 73

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T09:36:02.050940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.