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Beyond Sight: Finetuning Generalist Robot Policies with Heterogeneous Sensors via Language Grounding

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arxiv 2501.04693 v3 pith:WY6ZE7WI submitted 2025-01-08 cs.RO cs.AI

classification cs.ROcs.AI
keywords generalistpoliciesrobotlanguagelargemodalitiestouchvision
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Interacting with the world is a multi-sensory experience: achieving effective general-purpose interaction requires making use of all available modalities -- including vision, touch, and audio -- to fill in gaps from partial observation. For example, when vision is occluded reaching into a bag, a robot should rely on its senses of touch and sound. However, state-of-the-art generalist robot policies are typically trained on large datasets to predict robot actions solely from visual and proprioceptive observations. In this work, we propose FuSe, a novel approach that enables finetuning visuomotor generalist policies on heterogeneous sensor modalities for which large datasets are not readily available by leveraging natural language as a common cross-modal grounding. We combine a multimodal contrastive loss with a sensory-grounded language generation loss to encode high-level semantics. In the context of robot manipulation, we show that FuSe enables performing challenging tasks that require reasoning jointly over modalities such as vision, touch, and sound in a zero-shot setting, such as multimodal prompting, compositional cross-modal prompting, and descriptions of objects it interacts with. We show that the same recipe is applicable to widely different generalist policies, including both diffusion-based generalist policies and large vision-language-action (VLA) models. Extensive experiments in the real world show that FuSeis able to increase success rates by over 20% compared to all considered baselines.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Tactile Modality Fusion for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A FiLM-based tactile fusion method that conditions VLA visual features on frozen pretrained touch embeddings improves real-robot insertion success, speed, and force control relative to vision-only and concatenation baselines.

  2. Learning to Feel the Future: DreamTacVLA for Contact-Rich Manipulation

    cs.RO 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    DreamTacVLA grounds VLA models in contact physics by aligning multi-scale vision-tactile inputs and predicting future tactile states, reaching up to 95% success on contact-rich tasks.

  3. Universal Visuo-Tactile Video Understanding for Embodied Interaction

    cs.CV 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    VTV-LLM is a tactile-video large language model, trained on a new VTV150K dataset, that reasons about hardness, protrusion, elasticity, and friction in natural language.

  4. Collision- and Reachability-Aware Multi-Robot Control with Grounded LLM Planners

    cs.RO 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RLVR fine-tuning teaches small LLMs to reason about reachability and collisions, letting them beat far larger ungrounded LLMs on multi-robot box-moving tasks.

  5. VLA-Touch: Enhancing Vision-Language-Action Models with Dual-Level Tactile Feedback

    cs.RO 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Tactile feedback, provided both as language descriptions for planning and as force signals for action refinement, improves vision-language-action robot policies on contact-rich manipulation tasks.

  6. Tactile-VLA: Unlocking Vision-Language-Action Model's Physical Knowledge for Tactile Generalization

    cs.RO 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Tactile-VLA fuses tactile sensing into a vision-language-action model so force-related instructions and corrective reasoning transfer to new contact-rich tasks with few demonstrations.

  7. Foundation Model Driven Robotics: A Comprehensive Review

    cs.RO 2025-07 conditional novelty 2.0 of 10

    A review of foundation-model-driven robotics that synthesizes recent work across perception, planning, control, HRI, simulation, and sim-to-real transfer, and highlights open challenges.

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