Linear Redshift Distortions: A Review
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Redshift maps of galaxies in the Universe are distorted by the peculiar velocities of galaxies along the line of sight. The amplitude of the distortions on large, linear scales yields a measurement of the linear redshift distortion parameter, which is $\beta \approx \Omega_0^{0.6}/b$ in standard cosmology with cosmological density $\Omega_0$ and light-to-mass bias $b$. All measurements of $\beta$ from linear redshift distortions published up to mid 1997 are reviewed. The average and standard deviation of the reported values is $\beta_{optical} = 0.52 \pm 0.26$ for optically selected galaxies, and $\beta_{IRAS} = 0.77 \pm 0.22$ for IRAS selected galaxies. The implied relative bias is $b_{optical}/b_{IRAS} \approx 1.5$. If optical galaxies are unbiased, then $\Omega_0 = 0.33^{+0.32}_{-0.22}$, while if IRAS galaxies are unbiased, then $\Omega_0 = 0.63^{+0.35}_{-0.27}$.
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