Pith Number

pith:C2BYJ6ND

pith:2026:C2BYJ6ND3UVPLFK34NJ362JGWR

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

SonicDB S6: A Storage-Efficient Verkle Trie for High-Throughput Blockchains

Bernhard Scholz, Herbert Jordan, Lorenz Schuler, Luigi Crisci

SonicDB S6 cuts live Verkle Trie storage 98% and archive storage 95% by exploiting a non-forking blockchain.

arxiv:2604.06579 v2 · 2026-04-08 · cs.DB

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{C2BYJ6ND3UVPLFK34NJ362JGWR}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

SonicDB S6, a production Rust Verkle Trie database for the Sonic blockchain, leverages its non-forking property to enable aggressive storage optimizations. Occupancy-aware node specializations, selected via an O(kn2) dynamic program, reduce live storage by 98%. Delta nodes that record only changed slots reduce archive storage by 95%. Batched updates, multi-threaded commitment computation, and homomorphic Pedersen caching yield 2.85x higher throughput than a persistent Geth Verkle baseline while sustaining production block-rate performance.

C2weakest assumption

The Sonic blockchain's non-forking property can be safely leveraged to apply aggressive storage optimizations such as delta nodes for historical states without compromising real-time query serving or overall correctness.

C3one line summary

SonicDB S6 implements occupancy-aware node specializations via dynamic programming and delta nodes in a Verkle Trie to achieve major storage reductions and throughput gains for high-throughput blockchains.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:04:30.945871Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

168384f9a3dd2af5955be353bf6926b4430815598454708e7e04bfc9a9a95176

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.06579 · arxiv_version: 2604.06579v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.06579 · pith_short_12: C2BYJ6ND3UVP · pith_short_16: C2BYJ6ND3UVPLFK3 · pith_short_8: C2BYJ6ND

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/C2BYJ6ND3UVPLFK34NJ362JGWR \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 168384f9a3dd2af5955be353bf6926b4430815598454708e7e04bfc9a9a95176

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "c35438eab6ceacf228922605f2cd8d000f2d4ec39e47668831581c54fd13b7a4",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.DB",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-08T02:07:12Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "abb8b0b507678260f799a714881af1d745a425250bd1a186815e536802c07577"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.06579",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}