Pith Number

pith:OP2LO7E7

pith:2025:OP2LO7E7IN2JVFEPZKJ724SF7B

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114

the KAGRA Collaboration, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration

The loudest gravitational wave event GW250114 confirms the Kerr nature of the remnant black hole and general relativity to few-percent precision in a single detection.

arxiv:2509.08099 v1 · 2025-09-09 · gr-qc · astro-ph.HE

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{OP2LO7E7IN2JVFEPZKJ724SF7B}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

These results constitute the most stringent single-event verification of GR and the Kerr nature of black holes to date, with the quadrupolar frequency bounded to within a few percent of the GR prediction and the spectroscopic pattern matching Kerr to tens of percent.

C2weakest assumption

The analysis assumes that the post-merger signal is accurately described by linear perturbation theory on a Kerr background and that the numerical-relativity simulations used for comparison are free of systematic modeling errors at the precision needed for the reported constraints.

C3one line summary

GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.

References

229 extracted · 229 resolved · 71 Pith anchors

[1] :H ′(220)] relative to the 1% FAP threshold evaluated on background noise, while the green plus indicate the offset ofD[H(220+221+222) :H ′(220+221)] relative to its corresponding threshold. For each

[2] Similarly, when the three-mode modelH(220+221+222) is preferred overH ′(220+221) withD>D 1% from starting times 1t Mf to 5t Mf, we observe a reduction inp(M IMR f , χIMR f )

[3] Advanced LIGO 2015 · arXiv:1411.4547

[5] Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector 2015 · arXiv:1408.3978

[6] Akutsuet al.(KAGRA), Overview of KAGRA: Detector design and construction history, PTEP2021, 05A101 (2021), arXiv:2005.05574 [physics.ins-det] 2021

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Cited by

32 papers in Pith

Detectability of avoided crossings in black hole ringdowns

Bouncing singularities in Schwarzschild: a geometric origin of the QNM convergence region

Nucleosynthesis in the fast ejecta of a neutron star merger

Mitigating Systematic Errors in Parameter Estimation of Binary Black Hole Mergers in O1-O3 LIGO-Virgo Data

Excitation factors for horizonless compact objects: long-lived modes, echoes, and greybody factors

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:38:50.846517Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

73f4b77c9f43749a948fca93fd7245f8488aab667198d3eb40961f8c5f99031c

Aliases

arxiv: 2509.08099 · arxiv_version: 2509.08099v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2509.08099 · pith_short_12: OP2LO7E7IN2J · pith_short_16: OP2LO7E7IN2JVFEP · pith_short_8: OP2LO7E7

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/OP2LO7E7IN2JVFEPZKJ724SF7B \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 73f4b77c9f43749a948fca93fd7245f8488aab667198d3eb40961f8c5f99031c

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "48dd2901cde992703f3db8a181109c294f9bfe9a6e35cd07883422cefc52367b",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "gr-qc",
    "submitted_at": "2025-09-09T19:17:32Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "c6d6e936cffed62800b81b790860dd9e9cc4e37ea26b30b3b992bb04e7e4f597"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2509.08099",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}