Pith Number

pith:RW5V6QND

pith:2026:RW5V6QND5ATB2JCF7NBTX45JGR

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Words as Difference Makers: How Large Language Models Determine Causal Structure in Text

Wolfgang Pietsch

arxiv:2606.22430 v1 · 2026-06-21 · cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{RW5V6QND5ATB2JCF7NBTX45JGR}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-23T02:13:38.251887Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

8dbb5f41a3e8261d2445fb433bf3a9344c2c88f27260824fbcbbf97bac86804f

Aliases

arxiv: 2606.22430 · arxiv_version: 2606.22430v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2606.22430 · pith_short_12: RW5V6QND5ATB · pith_short_16: RW5V6QND5ATB2JCF · pith_short_8: RW5V6QND

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/RW5V6QND5ATB2JCF7NBTX45JGR \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 8dbb5f41a3e8261d2445fb433bf3a9344c2c88f27260824fbcbbf97bac86804f

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "d8aebc0c1945d0dfb4bb2b9e4949417bda346bc42b7d13f97e64f02168860a1b",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI",
      "cs.LG"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-06-21T10:40:47Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "ac91f194805ed26d33b1ff75501d083ce15dcfbcf54bd9b14bd7d8df2593b2ac"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2606.22430",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}