Imbalanced turbulence throttles its cascade via the helicity barrier, yielding flat spectra (η<2) that invert minor-ion heating to Q_i ∝ Q_p A_i (A_i/Z_i)^{η-2}, with simulations across β_p0 confirming the (A_i/Z_i)^a trend and strong perpendicular heating at low β.
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MMS data shows perpendicular electrons dominate j·E dissipation in magnetotail magnetic structures during turbulent reconnection, with bidirectional energy transfer and quantified mechanisms including parallel E, Fermi, betatron, and polarization effects.
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Minor Ions as a Diagnostic of Solar Wind Heating: Inverted Mass-to-Charge Scaling in Imbalanced Turbulence
Imbalanced turbulence throttles its cascade via the helicity barrier, yielding flat spectra (η<2) that invert minor-ion heating to Q_i ∝ Q_p A_i (A_i/Z_i)^{η-2}, with simulations across β_p0 confirming the (A_i/Z_i)^a trend and strong perpendicular heating at low β.