The paper proposes that one-point energy correlators in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions access the nucleon's transversity distribution through a single-spin asymmetry with sin(φ_s - φ_n) angular dependence over a wider kinematic range than traditional transverse momentum measurements
Linet al., Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: a community white paper, Prog
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abstract
In the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution functions (PDFs) quantify how the momentum and spin of a hadron are divided among its quark and gluon constituents. Two main approaches exist to determine PDFs. The first approach, based on QCD factorization theorems, realizes a QCD analysis of a suitable set of hard-scattering measurements, often using a variety of hadronic observables. The second approach, based on first-principle operator definitions of PDFs, uses lattice QCD to compute directly some PDF-related quantities, such as their moments. Motivated by recent progress in both approaches, in this document we present an overview of lattice-QCD and global-analysis techniques used to determine unpolarized and polarized proton PDFs and their moments. We provide benchmark numbers to validate present and future lattice-QCD calculations and we illustrate how they could be used to reduce the PDF uncertainties in current unpolarized and polarized global analyses. This document represents a first step towards establishing a common language between the two communities, to foster dialogue and to further improve our knowledge of PDFs.
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In gauge-free quark models, quasi-PDFs converge to PDFs with proven sum rules, and the Covariant Parton Model supplies closed-form small-x results that match a Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the quark energy-momentum tensor form factor.
First lattice QCD calculation at the physical pion mass of the isovector third moments of nucleon unpolarized, polarized, and transversity PDFs via forward matrix elements of local operators.
Pion PDFs from holographic light-front QCD are consistent with global analyses and produce J/ψ cross sections matching experimental data across energies and targets.
Skewness dependence in hadronic matrix elements must be accounted for when extracting Mellin moments of double parton distributions from lattice QCD, and model studies show its quantitative impact on current data.
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Accessing nucleon transversity with one-point energy correlators
The paper proposes that one-point energy correlators in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions access the nucleon's transversity distribution through a single-spin asymmetry with sin(φ_s - φ_n) angular dependence over a wider kinematic range than traditional transverse momentum measurements
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Extracting Mellin moments of double parton distributions from lattice data
Skewness dependence in hadronic matrix elements must be accounted for when extracting Mellin moments of double parton distributions from lattice QCD, and model studies show its quantitative impact on current data.