Lattice QCD results show the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of gluon plasma reaches a minimum near the transition temperature Tc while the bulk viscosity to entropy density ratio decreases monotonically from 0.76 to 2.25 Tc.
200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid
7 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
The specific shear viscosity (eta/s)_QGP of a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) at temperatures T_c < T < 2T_c is extracted from the centrality dependence of the eccentricity-scaled elliptic flow measured in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Coupling viscous fluid dynamics for the QGP with a microscopic transport model for hadronic freeze-out we find that the eccentricity-scaled elliptic flow is a universal function of charged multiplicity per unit overlap area, (1/S)(dN_ch/dy), that depends only on the viscosity but not on the model used for computing the initial fireball eccentricity. Comparing with measurements we find 1 < (4pi)(eta/s)_QGP < 2.5 where the uncertainty range is dominated by model uncertainties for the eccentricity values used to normalize the measured elliptic flow.
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representative citing papers
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Species-resolved scaling functions for azimuthal anisotropy from iEBE-VISHNU simulations of Pb+Pb collisions collapse robustly across kinematics and species, enabling constraints on attenuation, collective expansion, and hadronic re-scattering via an energy-dependent baseline.
Event-by-event hydrodynamic fluctuations have marginal effects on bottomonium R_AA and v2 in 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions.
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citing papers explorer
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Shear and bulk viscosities of the gluon plasma across the transition temperature from lattice QCD
Lattice QCD results show the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of gluon plasma reaches a minimum near the transition temperature Tc while the bulk viscosity to entropy density ratio decreases monotonically from 0.76 to 2.25 Tc.
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Rapidity dependence of mean transverse momentum fluctuation and decorrelation in baryon-dense medium
Mean transverse momentum fluctuations in baryon-rich matter are driven by energy and baryon density variations, remain robust to baryon diffusion, and show splitting between protons and antiprotons.
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Beam-energy dependence of correlations between mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow of charged particles in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
STAR reports energy-dependent variances and covariances of [p_T] and v_n^2 in Au+Au collisions from 14.6 to 200 GeV, with the dimensionless ratio remaining similar across energies.
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Relativistic BDNK MHD Evolution in a Boost-Invariant Medium and Its Impact on Dilepton Production
Coupled BDNK MHD evolution in boost-invariant flow enhances cooling and suppresses the low-mass dilepton spectrum via magnetic-thermal feedback.
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Species-Resolved Scaling of Azimuthal Anisotropy: Constraining Attenuation, Collective Expansion, and Hadronic Dynamics in Hydrodynamic Simulations
Species-resolved scaling functions for azimuthal anisotropy from iEBE-VISHNU simulations of Pb+Pb collisions collapse robustly across kinematics and species, enabling constraints on attenuation, collective expansion, and hadronic re-scattering via an energy-dependent baseline.
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Effects of event-by-event hydrodynamic fluctuations on bottomonium dynamics in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV
Event-by-event hydrodynamic fluctuations have marginal effects on bottomonium R_AA and v2 in 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions.
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Thermodynamics and transport in holographic QCD with Gauss-Bonnet corrections
A holographic QCD model with dilaton-dependent Gauss-Bonnet corrections matches lattice thermodynamics and yields non-monotonic η/s plus a critical endpoint.