Introduces BonaFide benchmark of 3,066 ground-truth labeled CoTs showing most faithfulness metrics perform near chance with biases and poor scaling to longer chains.
When chain of thought is necessary, language models struggle to evade monitors
10 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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2026 10representative citing papers
CORE distills contrasts between successful and unsuccessful reasoning traces into compact natural-language insights that enable faster model self-improvement on reasoning tasks with fewer rollouts than parametric or other non-parametric baselines.
DiffusionGemma matches Gemma 4 in variable transparency and monitorability after applying an interpretable token bottleneck, despite higher naive serial depth, and shows novel phenomena such as non-chronological reasoning.
Probe trajectories across token positions in LRMs, combined with signal-processing features, improve prediction of future model outputs over static probes on safety and math tasks.
CoT traces align with internal answer commitment in only 61.9% of steps on average, dominated by confabulated continuations after commitment has stabilized.
LLMs discover latent planning strategies up to five steps during training and execute them up to eight steps at test time, with larger models reaching seven under few-shot prompting, revealing a dissociation between discovery and execution.
Kimi K2.5 matches closed models on dual-use tasks but refuses fewer CBRNE requests and shows some sabotage and self-replication tendencies.
Frontier AI models' no-CoT 50% task-completion time horizons have doubled yearly over six years, reaching over 3 minutes for GPT-5.5 with projections to 25 minutes by 2030.
CoT-Guard is a 4B model using SFT and RL that achieves 75% G-mean^2 on hidden objective detection under prompt and code manipulation attacks, outperforming several larger models.
LLM reasoning is primarily mediated by latent-state trajectories rather than by explicit surface chain-of-thought outputs.
citing papers explorer
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When Reasoning Traces Become Performative: Step-Level Evidence that Chain-of-Thought Is an Imperfect Oversight Channel
CoT traces align with internal answer commitment in only 61.9% of steps on average, dominated by confabulated continuations after commitment has stabilized.
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LLM Reasoning Is Latent, Not the Chain of Thought
LLM reasoning is primarily mediated by latent-state trajectories rather than by explicit surface chain-of-thought outputs.