Corrected empirical limits show the most massive galaxies never exceed the theoretical baryonic maximum of 0.16 times halo virial mass, keeping observations consistent with LambdaCDM at all redshifts.
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Black hole occupation fraction rises with stellar mass but its normalization, shape, and redshift trend depend strongly on BH mass threshold, central vs satellite galaxies, simulation box, resolution, and sampled population in the FEGA25 model.
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Empirical estimates of how massive galaxies can be in {\Lambda}CDM
Corrected empirical limits show the most massive galaxies never exceed the theoretical baryonic maximum of 0.16 times halo virial mass, keeping observations consistent with LambdaCDM at all redshifts.
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Black Hole Occupation Fraction: Dependence on Black Hole Mass Threshold, Environment, Resolution and Redshift
Black hole occupation fraction rises with stellar mass but its normalization, shape, and redshift trend depend strongly on BH mass threshold, central vs satellite galaxies, simulation box, resolution, and sampled population in the FEGA25 model.