Generalized Baumslag-Solitar groups: rank and finite index subgroups

A generalized Baumslag-Solitar (GBS) group is a finitely generated group acting on a tree with infinite cyclic edge and vertex stabilizers. We show how to determine effectively the rank (minimal cardinality of a generating set) of a GBS group; as a consequence, one can compute the rank of the mapping torus of a finite order outer automorphism of a free group $F_n$. We also show that the rank of a finite index subgroup of a GBS group G cannot be smaller than the rank of G. We determine which GBS groups are large (some finite index subgroup maps onto $F_2$), and we solve the commensurability problem (deciding whether two groups have isomorphic finite index subgroups) in a particular family of GBS groups.