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Large Gravitational Wave Phase Shifts from Strong 3-body Interactions in Dense Stellar Clusters

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arxiv 2411.08572 v4 pith:YWXXIW3O submitted 2024-11-13 astro-ph.HE

Kai Hendriks , Dany Atallah , Miguel Martinez , Michael Zevin , Lorenz Zwick , Alessandro A. Trani , Pankaj Saini , János Takátsy
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Johan Samsing
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classification astro-ph.HE
keywords phaseenvironmentinteractionsshiftbodyclustersdensegravitational
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The phase evolution of gravitational waves (GWs) can be modulated by the astrophysical environment surrounding the source, which provides a probe for the origin of individual binary black holes (BBHs) using GWs alone. We here study the evolving phase of the GW waveform derived from a large set of simulations of BBH mergers forming in dense stellar clusters through binary-single interactions. We uncover that a well-defined fraction of the assembled eccentric GW sources will have a notable GW phase shift induced by the remaining third object. The magnitude of the GW phase shift often exceeds conservative analytical estimates due to strong 3-body interactions, which occasionally results in GW sources with clearly shifted and perturbed GW waveforms. This opens up promising opportunities for current and future GW detectors, as observing such a phase shift can identify the formation environment of a BBH, as well as help to characterise the local properties of its surrounding environment.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Dissecting environmental effects with eccentric gravitational wave sources

    astro-ph.HE 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Resonances between oscillating environmental forces and the epicyclic motion of eccentric binaries can dominate gravitational wave dephasing over orbit-averaged drag for eccentricities above about 0.05.

  2. Prompt gravitational-wave mergers aided by gas in Active Galactic Nuclei: The hydrodynamics of binary-single black hole scatterings

    astro-ph.GA 2025-01 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Gas drag in AGN discs hardens bound black hole triples by 2-3 orders of magnitude and increases the probability of a merger by at least 3.5-8 times.

  3. The Proper Motion of Strongly Lensed Binary Neutron Star Mergers in LIGO/Virgo/Kagra can be Constrained by Measuring Doppler Induced Gravitational Wave Dephasing

    astro-ph.CO 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Doppler dephasing between the two images of a strongly lensed neutron-star merger could be detectable at LIGO A+ and A# sensitivity for relative transverse velocities of roughly 1,800 to 2,000 km/s.

  4. Constraining Proper Motion of Strongly Lensed Eccentric Binary Mergers using Doppler Triangulation

    astro-ph.HE 2025-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Doppler-induced GW phase shifts between lensed images of eccentric binaries grow with time only until e about 0.7, then decline, giving a factor of about 2 boost over circular sources at the same frequency.

  5. Measuring the Transverse Velocity of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Wave Sources with Ground Based Detectors

    astro-ph.HE 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Strongly lensed gravitational waves carry a Doppler-induced phase shift between images that reveals the transverse velocity of the source, detectable with Einstein Telescope.

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