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arxiv 2502.17494 v7 pith:QC7VEMBG submitted 2025-02-20 cs.IR cs.AIcs.LG

External Large Foundation Model: How to Efficiently Serve Trillions of Parameters for Online Ads Recommendation

classification cs.IR cs.AIcs.LG
keywords modeldataexternalfoundationperformancerecommendationapplicationschallenges
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Ads recommendation is a prominent service of online advertising systems and has been actively studied. Recent studies indicate that scaling-up and advanced design of the recommendation model can bring significant performance improvement. However, with a larger model scale, such prior studies have a significantly increasing gap from industry as they often neglect two fundamental challenges in industrial-scale applications. First, training and inference budgets are restricted for the model to be served, exceeding which may incur latency and impair user experience. Second, large-volume data arrive in a streaming mode with data distributions dynamically shifting, as new users/ads join and existing users/ads leave the system. We propose the External Large Foundation Model (ExFM) framework to address the overlooked challenges. Specifically, we develop external distillation and a data augmentation system (DAS) to control the computational cost of training/inference while maintaining high performance. We design the teacher in a way like a foundation model (FM) that can serve multiple students as vertical models (VMs) to amortize its building cost. We propose Auxiliary Head and Student Adapter to mitigate the data distribution gap between FM and VMs caused by the streaming data issue. Comprehensive experiments on internal industrial-scale applications and public datasets demonstrate significant performance gain by ExFM.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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  1. IAT: Instance-As-Token Compression for Historical User Sequence Modeling in Industrial Recommender Systems

    cs.IR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    IAT compresses each historical interaction instance into a unified embedding token via temporal-order or user-order schemes, allowing standard sequence models to learn long-range preferences with better performance an...

  2. LoKA: Low-precision Kernel Applications for Recommendation Models At Scale

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    LoKA enables practical FP8 use in numerically sensitive large recommendation models via profiling, model adaptations, and runtime kernel orchestration.

  3. LoKA: Low-precision Kernel Applications for Recommendation Models At Scale

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LoKA enables practical FP8 use in numerically sensitive large recommendation models via online profiling of activations, reusable model modifications for stability, and dynamic kernel dispatching.

  4. SOLARIS: Speculative Offloading of Latent-bAsed Representation for Inference Scaling

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    SOLARIS speculatively precomputes user-item latent representations to decouple large-model inference from real-time serving, delivering 0.67% revenue gain when deployed in Meta's ad system.