Relative Beilinson Monad and Direct Image for Families of Coherent Sheaves

The higher direct image complex of a coherent sheaf (or finite complex of coherent sheaves) under a projective morphism is a fundamental construction that can be defined via a Cech complex or an injective resolution, both inherently infinite constructions. Using exterior algebras and relative versions of theorems of Beilinson and Bernstein-Gel'fand-Gel'fand, we give an alternate description in finite terms. Using this description we can characterize the generic complex, over the variety of finite free complexes of a given shape, as the direct image of an easily-described vector bundle. We can also give explicit descriptions of the loci in the base spaces of flat families of sheaves in which some cohomological conditions are satisfied--for example, the loci where vector bundles on projective space split in a certain way, or the loci where a projective morphism has higher dimensional fibers. Our approach is so explicit that it yields an algorithm suited for computer algebra systems. This new version uses relative projectives to give smaller direct image complexes in many cases. It also includes many small clarifications.