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Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Nambu-Goldstone Bosons in Quantum Many-Body Systems
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Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a general principle, that constitutes the underlying concept of a vast number of physical phenomena ranging from ferromagnetism and superconductivity in condensed matter physics to the Higgs mechanism in the standard model of elementary particles. I focus on manifestations of spontaneously broken symmetries in systems that are not Lorentz invariant, which include both, nonrelativistic systems as well as relativistic systems at nonzero density, providing a self-contained review of the properties of spontaneously broken symmetries specific to such theories. Topics covered include: (i) Introduction to the mathematics of spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Goldstone theorem. (ii) Minimization of Higgs-type potentials for higher-dimensional representations. (iii) Counting rules for Nambu-Goldstone bosons and their dispersion relations. (iv) Construction of effective Lagrangians. Specific examples in both relativistic and nonrelativistic physics are worked out in detail.
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Cited by 2 Pith papers
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A New Timing Signature of Black Hole Spin: Time-Delay Asymmetry in Kerr Accretion Flows
A mirror-paired asymmetry in photon arrival times from opposite sides of the projected spin axis provides a direct general-relativistic timing signature of black hole spin.
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A New Timing Signature of Black Hole Spin: Time-Delay Asymmetry in Kerr Accretion Flows
A mirror-paired time-delay asymmetry At vanishes for non-spinning black holes but is nonzero and increases with spin for Kerr black holes, depending on inclination and emission radius.
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