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arxiv: 1406.7139 · v2 · submitted 2014-06-27 · 🌌 astro-ph.CO · gr-qc· hep-th

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Anisotropic stress as signature of non-standard propagation of gravitational waves

Ippocratis D. Saltas (Nottingham U.) , Ignacy Sawicki (Geneva U. , Dept. Theor. Phys. , African Inst. Math. Sci. , Cape Town) , Luca Amendola (U. Heidelberg , ITP) , Martin Kunz (Geneva U.
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classification 🌌 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-th
keywords anisotropicgravitystressgravitationalwavescosmologicalmodelsmodification
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We make precise the heretofore ambiguous statement that anisotropic stress is a sign of a modification of gravity. We show that in cosmological solutions of very general classes of models extending gravity --- all scalar-tensor theories (Horndeski), Einstein-Aether models and bimetric massive gravity --- a direct correspondence exists between perfect fluids apparently carrying anisotropic stress and a modification in the propagation of gravitational waves. Since the anisotropic stress can be measured in a model-independent manner, a comparison of the behavior of gravitational waves from cosmological sources with large-scale-structure formation could in principle lead to new constraints on the theory of gravity.

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