Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 26 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2112.06905.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2112.06905 v2

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 26 of 26 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 26 of 26 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T17:09:26.809525Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

168
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation f6ac1ab7-2b5c-4907-ab43-e42737955352 · inbound

PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways cites this paper.

PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 39

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T23:45:07.185970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 40bc1e35-4afd-4601-a92a-77bdfc24d024 · inbound

Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models cites this paper.

Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 24

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T07:38:38.291396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 545b5eed-f442-4098-ae5f-386a3b60a53f · inbound

Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generation cites this paper.

Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generation GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 19

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T04:49:31.100632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 3d053dd6-2f60-46aa-928b-b0d7114fc72d · inbound

Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle cites this paper.

Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 107

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T00:40:41.895334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 470adb7a-1458-442b-8356-efc98aa84487 · inbound

PaLM 2 Technical Report cites this paper.

PaLM 2 Technical Report GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 41

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T11:59:27.202634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 9fcfa9f6-ed31-42d1-86f3-3925a5abbb97 · inbound

DeepSpeed Ulysses: System Optimizations for Enabling Training of Extreme Long Sequence Transformer Models cites this paper.

DeepSpeed Ulysses: System Optimizations for Enabling Training of Extreme Long Sequence Transformer Models GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 169

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T01:07:22.297557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 750675db-14cd-4cb7-83bb-84120156c793 · inbound

CLIP-UP: A Simple and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts CLIP Training Recipe with Sparse Upcycling cites this paper.

CLIP-UP: A Simple and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts CLIP Training Recipe with Sparse Upcycling GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T17:09:26.809525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f6e487e9-a792-4216-8855-6e30d3dee94a · inbound

M2R2: Mixture of Multi-Rate Residuals for Efficient Transformer Inference cites this paper.

M2R2: Mixture of Multi-Rate Residuals for Efficient Transformer Inference GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T13:40:56.440954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 963250a7-090d-4ab7-9b92-d715f9f2a4b9 · inbound

Rethinking Data Mixture for Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey and New Perspectives cites this paper.

Rethinking Data Mixture for Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey and New Perspectives GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:33:49.759942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ac690ccf-7837-4ab3-86b4-91ad969c3ef0 · inbound

Scaling Fine-Grained MoE Beyond 50B Parameters: Empirical Evaluation and Practical Insights cites this paper.

Scaling Fine-Grained MoE Beyond 50B Parameters: Empirical Evaluation and Practical Insights GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:18:58.233961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1bb6067-0114-418b-88a9-1221a291043c · inbound

Kinetics: Rethinking Test-Time Scaling Laws cites this paper.

Kinetics: Rethinking Test-Time Scaling Laws GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:30:34.175386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 35e6ba7b-1919-4fa1-9b66-094c5418f6e7 · inbound

Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities cites this paper.

Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T05:52:07.921973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 33aae63d-db23-4645-aa10-691cc4d1adb6 · inbound

AbbIE: Autoregressive Block-Based Iterative Encoder for Efficient Sequence Modeling cites this paper.

AbbIE: Autoregressive Block-Based Iterative Encoder for Efficient Sequence Modeling GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:24:51.180698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3cef134b-8794-431d-9533-d59c13455cff · inbound

Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models: Tech Report 2025 cites this paper.

Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models: Tech Report 2025 GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:26:58.562199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f324ac6-b139-4f9d-ad51-d0c8b51e4080 · inbound

The Carbon Cost of Conversation, Sustainability in the Age of Language Models cites this paper.

The Carbon Cost of Conversation, Sustainability in the Age of Language Models GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:56:13.238051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dff329e2-b034-45f8-86b2-a43ad82782b3 · inbound

Safe and Certifiable AI Systems: Concepts, Challenges, and Lessons Learned cites this paper.

Safe and Certifiable AI Systems: Concepts, Challenges, and Lessons Learned GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 2006

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:28.421116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8cf3ad8a-9b48-4d79-aaee-355c18ad0f5c · inbound

Breaking the MoE LLM Trilemma: Dynamic Expert Clustering with Structured Compression cites this paper.

Breaking the MoE LLM Trilemma: Dynamic Expert Clustering with Structured Compression GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:50:26.916040Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 114051dc-82fc-4956-ad02-29751a4ec932 · inbound

A Vision Toward Energy-Efficient Domain-Specific Artificial Intelligence Models and Agents cites this paper.

A Vision Toward Energy-Efficient Domain-Specific Artificial Intelligence Models and Agents GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 152

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:12:24.535811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9a54603f-628a-4d12-934c-30c4f2595c77 · inbound

The Ray Tracing Sampler: Bayesian Sampling of Neural Networks for Everyone cites this paper.

The Ray Tracing Sampler: Bayesian Sampling of Neural Networks for Everyone GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T07:36:36.566867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d97d9803-7b68-4eac-afc3-3642c2f172cd · inbound

Expert Upcycling: Shifting the Compute-Efficient Frontier of Mixture-of-Experts cites this paper.

Expert Upcycling: Shifting the Compute-Efficient Frontier of Mixture-of-Experts GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T03:29:21.519092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 02157ec7-66e4-4b20-9e39-19a3021f6297 · inbound

Expert Upcycling: Shifting the Compute-Efficient Frontier of Mixture-of-Experts cites this paper.

Expert Upcycling: Shifting the Compute-Efficient Frontier of Mixture-of-Experts GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T02:06:15.356374Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 36039638-87a5-4c8d-bc05-45dd6f603b3e · inbound

A Meta Reinforcement Learning Approach to Goals-Based Wealth Management cites this paper.

A Meta Reinforcement Learning Approach to Goals-Based Wealth Management GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 262

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-08T18:44:01.879605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation a53b1ea1-3b78-4027-ad55-e6f0b6507373 · inbound

ROMER: Expert Replacement and Router Calibration for Robust MoE LLMs on Analog Compute-in-Memory Systems cites this paper.

ROMER: Expert Replacement and Router Calibration for Robust MoE LLMs on Analog Compute-in-Memory Systems GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T07:27:29.565438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 24775fef-9c92-449c-acfc-60660f40295c · inbound

Hyperbolic and Evidence-Prioritized Experts for Large Vision-Language Models cites this paper.

Hyperbolic and Evidence-Prioritized Experts for Large Vision-Language Models GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T19:26:00.058669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 3e2be5df-f02b-4fcb-84cb-790b57ddc27c · inbound

ASAP: A Disaggregated and Asynchronous Inference System for MoE Prefill cites this paper.

ASAP: A Disaggregated and Asynchronous Inference System for MoE Prefill GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T09:39:46.809933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 67c4ef99-73a8-42ff-b43a-b2b7265ea495 · inbound

Memory for Large Language Models cites this paper.

Memory for Large Language Models GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Experts

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T02:37:54.336046Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.