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Stability of the fundamental quasinormal mode in time-domain observations against small perturbations

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arxiv 2205.08547 v2 pith:HMMEESSF submitted 2022-05-17 gr-qc astro-ph.HEhep-th

Stability of the fundamental quasinormal mode in time-domain observations against small perturbations

classification gr-qc astro-ph.HEhep-th
keywords blackholeperturbationssmallfundamentalmodequasinormalsignal
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Black hole spectroscopy with gravitational waves is an important tool to measure the mass and spin of astrophysical black holes and to test their Kerr nature. Next-generation ground- and space-based detectors will observe binary black hole mergers with large signal-to-noise ratios and perform spectroscopy routinely. It was recently shown that small perturbations due, e.g., to environmental effects (the "flea") to the effective potential governing gravitational-wave generation and propagation in black hole exteriors (the "elephant") can lead to arbitrarily large changes in the black hole's quasinormal spectrum, including the fundamental mode, which is expected to dominate the observed signal. This raises an important question: is the black hole spectroscopy program robust against perturbations? We clarify the physical behavior of time-domain signals under small perturbations in the potential, and we show that changes in the amplitude of the fundamental mode in the prompt ringdown signal are parametrically small. This implies that the fundamental quasinormal mode extracted from the observable time-domain signal is stable against small perturbations. The stability of overtones deserves further investigation.

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Cited by 15 Pith papers

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