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What is missing in deep music generation? A study of repetition and structure in popular music

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arxiv 2209.00182 v1 pith:ZZFUPLJL submitted 2022-09-01 cs.SD cs.IReess.AS

classification cs.SDcs.IReess.AS
keywords musicstructurerepetitiongenerationdatasetsgeneralpopularsong
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Structure is one of the most essential aspects of music, and music structure is commonly indicated through repetition. However, the nature of repetition and structure in music is still not well understood, especially in the context of music generation, and much remains to be explored with Music Information Retrieval (MIR) techniques. Analyses of two popular music datasets (Chinese and American) illustrate important music construction principles: (1) structure exists at multiple hierarchical levels, (2) songs use repetition and limited vocabulary so that individual songs do not follow general statistics of song collections, (3) structure interacts with rhythm, melody, harmony, and predictability, and (4) over the course of a song, repetition is not random, but follows a general trend as revealed by cross-entropy. These and other findings offer challenges as well as opportunities for deep-learning music generation and suggest new formal music criteria and evaluation methods. Music from recent music generation systems is analyzed and compared to human-composed music in our datasets, often revealing striking differences from a structural perspective.

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  1. Learning Musical Representations for Music Performance Question Answering

    cs.CV 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Amuse fuses audio, video, and language early and adds rhythm and instrument-source supervision over time to reach state-of-the-art accuracy on Music AVQA and Music AVQA-v2.

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