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Clinical Camel: An Open Expert-Level Medical Language Model with Dialogue-Based Knowledge Encoding

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arxiv 2305.12031 v2 pith:O7GI3CZE submitted 2023-05-19 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords clinicalcamelcomparedmedicalbenchmarksknowledgeopenacross
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We present Clinical Camel, an open large language model (LLM) explicitly tailored for clinical research. Fine-tuned from LLaMA-2 using QLoRA, Clinical Camel achieves state-of-the-art performance across medical benchmarks among openly available medical LLMs. Leveraging efficient single-GPU training, Clinical Camel surpasses GPT-3.5 in five-shot evaluations on all assessed benchmarks, including 64.3% on the USMLE Sample Exam (compared to 58.5% for GPT-3.5), 77.9% on PubMedQA (compared to 60.2%), 60.7% on MedQA (compared to 53.6%), and 54.2% on MedMCQA (compared to 51.0%). In addition to these benchmarks, Clinical Camel demonstrates its broader capabilities, such as synthesizing plausible clinical notes. This work introduces dialogue-based knowledge encoding, a novel method to synthesize conversational data from dense medical texts. While benchmark results are encouraging, extensive and rigorous human evaluation across diverse clinical scenarios is imperative to ascertain safety before implementation. By openly sharing Clinical Camel, we hope to foster transparent and collaborative research, working towards the safe integration of LLMs within the healthcare domain. Significant challenges concerning reliability, bias, and the potential for outdated knowledge persist. Nonetheless, the transparency provided by an open approach reinforces the scientific rigor essential for future clinical applications.

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Forward citations

Cited by 11 Pith papers

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