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End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontiers

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arxiv 2306.16927 v3 pith:ZN3FVMBJ submitted 2023-06-29 cs.RO cs.AIcs.CVcs.LG

classification cs.ROcs.AIcs.CVcs.LG
keywords drivingend-to-endautonomouschallengesframeworkmodelsmotionactive
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The autonomous driving community has witnessed a rapid growth in approaches that embrace an end-to-end algorithm framework, utilizing raw sensor input to generate vehicle motion plans, instead of concentrating on individual tasks such as detection and motion prediction. End-to-end systems, in comparison to modular pipelines, benefit from joint feature optimization for perception and planning. This field has flourished due to the availability of large-scale datasets, closed-loop evaluation, and the increasing need for autonomous driving algorithms to perform effectively in challenging scenarios. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive analysis of more than 270 papers, covering the motivation, roadmap, methodology, challenges, and future trends in end-to-end autonomous driving. We delve into several critical challenges, including multi-modality, interpretability, causal confusion, robustness, and world models, amongst others. Additionally, we discuss current advancements in foundation models and visual pre-training, as well as how to incorporate these techniques within the end-to-end driving framework. we maintain an active repository that contains up-to-date literature and open-source projects at https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/End-to-end-Autonomous-Driving.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. GoIRL: Graph-Oriented Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Trajectory Prediction

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    GoIRL couples maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning with vectorized lane-graph features to predict multiple future trajectories, reporting competitive benchmark numbers but not the stated state-of-the-art on ...

  2. Reinforced Refinement with Self-Aware Expansion for End-to-End Autonomous Driving

    cs.RO 2025-06 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    R2SE refines pretrained end-to-end driving policies on hard cases via residual LoRA reinforcement learning and switches between specialist and generalist policies using GPD-based uncertainty.

  3. Improving Traffic Signal Data Quality for the Waymo Open Motion Dataset

    cs.RO 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A trajectory-based, ring-and-barrier-constrained method imputes 71.7% of missing traffic signal states in the Waymo Open Motion Dataset and lowers the estimated red-light running rate from 15.7% to 2.9%.

  4. Outcome-Guided Distillation: A Teacher-Student Framework to Advance VLM Reasoning in Autonomous Driving

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An outcome-guided teacher-student framework for VLM driving, where a teacher generates reflective reasoning from ground-truth waypoints, a student distills it, and a separate decoder converts the reasoning into waypoi...

  5. Ego-centric Learning of Communicative World Models for Autonomous Driving

    cs.RO 2025-06 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Sharing compressed latent states and planned waypoints between agents, triggered by prediction errors, improves multi-agent driving performance in CARLA while cutting communication bandwidth by roughly 50x.

  6. AutoODD: Agentic Audits via Bayesian Red Teaming in Black-Box Models

    cs.RO 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    AutoODD combines an LLM agent with per-axis Gaussian Process uncertainty to automatically discover failure modes of black-box models, demonstrated on missing-digit MNIST and aircraft detect-and-avoid.

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