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The recurrent nova T CrB had prior eruptions observed near December 1787 and October 1217 AD

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arxiv 2308.13668 v2 pith:J23PVYCV submitted 2023-08-25 astro-ph.SR physics.hist-ph

classification astro-ph.SRphysics.hist-ph
keywords eruptioneruptionsburchardeventnearpriorwollastonyears
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The famous recurrent nova (RN) T Coronae Borealis (T CrB) has had observed eruptions peaking at a visual magnitude of 2.0 in the years 1866 and 1946, while a third eruption is now expected for the year 2024.4+-0.3. Each RN has very similar light curves of eruptions that come with a fairly even-spacing in time, for which T CrB has a recurrence timescale near 80 years. So it is reasonable to look backwards in time for prior eruptions, around 1786, and so on back. I have investigated two long-lost suggestions that T CrB was seen in eruption in the years 1217 and 1787. (1) In a catalog published in 1789, the Reverend Francis Wollaston reports an astrometric position for a star that is exactly on top of T CrB. From his letters, these observations were made on at least four occassions with both a large and small telescope, within a few days before 1787 December 28. Wollaston's limiting magnitude for his astrometry is near 7.8 mag, so T CrB would have to have been in eruption. With other transients strongly rejected, the only way that Wollaston could get the coordinates was to have measured the coordinates of T CrB itself during an eruption. (2) The 1217 event has an eyewitness report written by Abbott Burchard of Upsberg as a fast-rising stellar point-source ("stella") in Corona Borealis that "shone with great light", lasted for "many days", and was ascribed as being a "wonderful sign". This event cannot be a report of a comet, because Burchard used the term for a star ("stella") and not for a comet, and because Burchard had the omen being very positive, with such being impossible for comets that are universally the worst of omens. The reported event is just as expected for a prior eruption of T CrB, and all other possibilities are strongly rejected, so the case for the 1217 eruption of T CrB is strong.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The neutrino luminosity and energy spectrum of nova outburst

    astro-ph.SR 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    MESA nova simulations show low-energy nuclear neutrinos outshine photons during thermonuclear runaway, and predict T CrB's next eruption will emit a 2.7e8 solar-neutrino-luminosity peak for about 88 days, with hadroni...

  2. When will T Coronae Borealis next erupt as a nova? Constraints from recurrence, orbital phase, and accretion-state evolution

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    T CrB's next eruption is not uniquely predictable; conditional scenarios point to a possible 2026 December eruption if the current decline mimics 1946, or a lower limit near 2029 May if the recent high state left an a...

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