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No massive black holes in the Milky Way halo
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abstract
The gravitational wave detectors have unveiled a population of massive black holes that do not resemble those observed in the Milky Way and whose origin is debated. According to one possible explanation, these black holes may have formed from density fluctuations in the early Universe (primordial black holes), and they should comprise from several to 100% of dark matter to explain the observed black hole merger rates. If such black holes existed in the Milky Way dark matter halo, they would cause long-timescale gravitational microlensing events lasting years. The previous experiments were not sufficiently sensitive to such events. Here we present the results of the search for long-timescale microlensing events among the light curves of nearly 80 million stars located in the Large Magellanic Cloud that were monitored for 20 years by the OGLE survey. We did not find any events with timescales longer than one year, whereas all shorter events detected may be explained by known stellar populations. We find that compact objects in the mass range from $1.8 \times 10^{-4}$ to $6.3\,M_{\odot}$ cannot compose more than 1% of dark matter, and those in the mass range from $1.3 \times 10^{-5}$ to $860\,M_{\odot}$ cannot make up more than 10% of dark matter. Thus, primordial black holes in this mass range cannot simultaneously explain a significant fraction of dark matter and gravitational wave events.
Forward citations
Cited by 11 Pith papers
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Microlensing Detection and Inference via Learned Bayes Factors
A unified transformer-based pipeline detects 99.9% of recoverable simulated microlensing events and outperforms literature hard cuts in the short-duration finite-source regime with amortized neural posterior inference.
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Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run
O4a gravitational-wave data give 95% CL upper limits f_PBH ~ 1e-2 to 1e-4 for monochromatic primordial black holes with mean masses 0.6-100 M_sun, with no evidence of a PBH merger component.
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Across the Universe: GW231123 as a magnified and diffracted black hole merger
GW231123's extreme mass and spins may be explained by a point-mass microlens embedded in a galaxy, reducing the inferred source mass to about 100-180 solar masses.
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Primordial Black Holes and the First Stars
Massive primordial black holes shift Population III star formation to higher redshifts while lower-mass ones can delay it, and the resulting collapse redshifts yield new abundance constraints.
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Primordial Black Hole Formation via Inverted Bubble Collapse
Isolated bubbles from an incomplete phase transition, inverted into false-vacuum regions by a later bulk transition, collapse into nearly monochromatic primordial black holes up to about 10^-5 solar masses.
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Constraints on Primordial Black Hole Dressed by Dark Matter Halo from Microlensing Effect of Fast Radio Bursts
A new conversion formula turns monochromatic bare-PBH microlensing bounds into extended-mass dressed-PBH bounds, and a 10^5-FRB forecast places f_PBH near 10^-4.
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Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability allows narrow curvature spectra to exponentially suppress primordial black hole overproduction via correlation coefficient ρ approaching -1 while retaining s...
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Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
A Bayesian analysis shows that a future sub-solar PBH detection would make the primordial SIGW interpretation of PTA data favored over the SMBH interpretation, but this preference is driven by the detection prior.
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Probing Primordial Black Holes with upcoming Radio Telescopes: a case study for LOFAR2.0, FAST Core Array and BINGO
LOFAR2.0, FAST Core Array and BINGO can constrain the PBH dark matter fraction f_PBH below 0.16-0.39 for masses above 10^{-2} to 10 solar masses via FRB lensing statistics.
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January Food Benchmark (JFB): A Public Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Suite for Multimodal Food Analysis
The abstract promises a food-image benchmark and a winning model, but the manuscript pages contain only a different paper on primordial black holes, leaving every benchmark claim unsubstantiated.
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Whispers from the Early Universe: The Ringdown of Primordial Black Holes
The stochastic gravitational wave background from primordial black hole ringdown could be observable by future pulsar timing arrays for solar-mass and heavier black holes, with binary merger signals within reach of ne...
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